{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:17:45Z","timestamp":1787026665008,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) protein tyrosine phosphatase A (PtpA) is a crucial tyrosine phosphatase involved in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Structural analyses reveal that the W-loop and conserved cysteine residues are essential for the catalytic activity of PtpA, with modifications induced by reactive oxygen species playing a significant role in its function. PtpA suppresses key cellular processes, including phagosome-lysosome fusion and host cell apoptosis, while promoting ferroptosis and disrupting cytokine production to evade host immune responses. Its activity is enhanced by various post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination and phosphorylation, which facilitate its interactions with key cellular pathways. Recent research has identified several selective inhibitors that present promising therapeutic avenues against drug-resistant tuberculosis. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the characteristics, functions, and potential inhibitors of PtpA, underscoring its significance as a therapeutic target in the ongoing battle against tuberculosis and its associated challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1754992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T08:13:21Z","timestamp":1768205601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Research progress on protein tyrosine phosphatase A from Mycobacterium 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