{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T16:04:17Z","timestamp":1774022657455,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically evaluate the pharmacological management of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome occurring in the context of connective tissue diseases (CTD-GBS) and to investigate the relative efficacy of different treatment regimens on neurological outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case reports and series regarding CTD-GBS were systematically retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) was utilized to assess independent associations between treatment regimens and neurological improvement, adjusting for key covariates including mechanical ventilation (as a baseline severity marker) and the year of publication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 105 CTD-GBS patients were identified, with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) being the most prevalent subtype (n=73). Multivariable GLMM analysis suggested that, compared to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) monotherapy, intensive combination regimens specifically glucocorticoids combined immunosuppressants (GC + IS) demonstrated a potential association with higher odds of clinical improvement (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 30.90; 95% CI: 6.58\u2013145.00; p &amp;lt; 0.001). Mechanical ventilation was identified as an independent negative predictor of recovery (aOR = 0.43; p = 0.037), while the year of publication did not significantly influence outcomes (p = 0.344). Descriptive analysis within the SLE-GBS subgroup corroborated these trends, with the GC + IS regimen achieving a clinical improvement rate of 88.9%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preliminary evidence suggests that intensive immunosuppressive combination therapy, notably GC + IS, may offer advantages over traditional IVIG monotherapy in improving short-term neurological outcomes for CTD-GBS patients. However, given the reliance on retrospective case-based evidence and the potential for confounding by indication, these findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating clinical clues rather than definitive guidelines. Future large-scale, prospective studies utilizing standardized functional assessment scales are urgently required to validate these preliminary observations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1684941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T06:59:50Z","timestamp":1773817190000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Qualitative evaluation of pharmacological strategy for connective tissue diseases with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Gaodi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital, Capital Medical University and Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College","place":["Nanchong, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang","place":["Neijiang, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong Clinical Research Center","place":["Nanchong, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Anzhen Nanchong Hospital, Capital Medical University and Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College","place":["Nanchong, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College","place":["Nanchong, Sichuan, 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