{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:03:49Z","timestamp":1789506229552,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise for regenerative medicine due to their unique biological properties, including self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture systems may hinder therapeutic efficacy due to challenges in maintaining quality and producing a sufficient quantity of cells for clinical applications. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of a three-dimensional (3D) microcarrier-bioreactor system on the biological characteristics of human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs) and their potential therapeutic efficacy in a psoriasis mouse model. The 3D microcarrier-bioreactor system was observed to improve hUC-MSCs attachment and proliferation while preserving genetic stability, characteristic surface marker expression, non-tumorigenic properties, and differentiation potential, consistent with outcomes from 2D cultures. Moreover, the 3D-hUC-MSCs demonstrated enhanced proliferation, stemness, immune function, and cell viability compared to those cultured in 2D systems.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    experiments demonstrated that 3D-hUC-MSCs supernatants effectively suppressed IL-17A-induced NF-\u03baB signaling in keratinocytes.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 3D-hUC-MSCs significantly reduced IMQ+IL-23-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation by reducing immune cell infiltration and inhibiting IL-17-associated inflammatory pathways. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 3D-hUC-MSCs modulated signaling pathways associated with inflammation and innate immune responses. Our findings suggest that the 3D microcarrier-bioreactor system holds promise as a strategy to enhance the therapeutic potential of hUC-MSCs, particularly in the treatment of immune-mediated disorders such as psoriasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1687424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T06:30:34Z","timestamp":1770100234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of 3D biomimetic microcarriers for enhancing therapeutic efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in psoriasis treatment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"XueMei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital","place":["Shenzhen, China"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Second People\u2019s 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