{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:16:15Z","timestamp":1791994575770,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disease in the elderly, for whom conventional systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants pose significant safety risks due to age-related comorbidities, leading to infections, osteoporosis, and metabolic disorders. While stapokibart, a novel IL-4R\u03b1 inhibitor, holds promise for type 2 inflammatory diseases, clinical evidence regarding its efficacy in BP is currently lacking. Therefore, this study aims to observe the clinical efficacy and long-term safety of stapokibart in the treatment of moderate-to-severe BP in the elderly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center, retrospective, uncontrolled case series included 15 elderly patients with moderate-to-severe BP. In addition to conventional topical glucocorticoids or combined systemic therapy, patients received an initial dose of 600 mg stapokibart, followed by 300 mg every 2 weeks. Dosage adjustments were made based on patients\u2019 clinical responses after 16 weeks. The core treatment period was 24 weeks, with a subsequent post-treatment follow-up duration ranging from 4 to 34 weeks (mean 18.78 \u00b1 11.54 weeks). The primary outcome was explicitly defined as the achievement of disease control at 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes included the BP disease area index (BPDAI), dermatology life quality index (DLQI), itch numerical rating scale (NRS), absolute eosinophil count (EO), anti-BP180 antibody levels, relapse rate, and safety profiles, which were assessed at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The primary outcome of disease control was achieved in 100.00% (15\/15) of the patients within 4 weeks, with a mean time to control of 10.18 \u00b1 3.06 days. Secondary outcomes including BPDAI, DLQI, itch NRS scores, EOs, and anti-BP180 antibody levels were all significantly reduced at week 24 compared to baseline (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;\u00a00.05). During the study and a subsequent mean follow-up duration of 18.78 \u00b1 11.54 weeks, the disease recurrence rate was 26.67% (4\/15). Regarding safety, injection site reactions occurred in 13.3% (2\/15) of the patients, these were mild and self-limiting, with no patients discontinuing treatment due to adverse events.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stapokibart may serve as an effective and well-tolerated adjunctive option for alleviating skin lesions and pruritus in elderly patients with moderate-to-severe BP. However, given the small sample size and uncontrolled retrospective design, larger, prospective randomized controlled trials are required to definitively confirm its long-term efficacy and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1689991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T05:36:19Z","timestamp":1776922579000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Stapokibart\u2019s clinical effectiveness in treating moderate-to-severe bullous pemphigoid in the elderly"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, First People\u2019s Hospital of Kunshan","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, First People\u2019s Hospital of Kunshan","place":["Suzhou, 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