{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:34:28Z","timestamp":1791588868736,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition driven by activated epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and immune cell infiltrates, which causes tissue injury. The ecto-5\u2032-nucleotidase CD73\/adenosine pathway plays a critical role in controlling inflammatory\/immune responses, yet it is dysregulated in psoriasis patients. However, the expression and function of this pathway in psoriasis remain poorly explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we investigated the regulation of CD73 in keratinocytes and examined the anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts under psoriatic-like conditions. HaCaT cells and primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) were stimulated with the M5 cytokine cocktail, comprising interleukin (IL)-1\u03b1, IL-17A, IL-22, oncostatin M (OSM), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, to induce a proinflammatory phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      M5-treated keratinocytes release IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and IL-8, as well as the antimicrobial peptide S100A9, and exhibit activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase\/protein kinase B (PI3K\/Akt) pathways. We demonstrated that CD73 is upregulated in inflamed keratinocytes, with OSM identified as a regulator of CD73 expression in a Janus kinase\/MAPK-dependent manner. High CD73 expression in inflamed keratinocytes is associated with increased adenosine production. In M5-stimulated keratinocytes, adenosine A\n                      <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors (A\n                      <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                      R) expression is increased, whereas A\n                      <jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>\n                      R expression is decreased. Functional analyses revealed that an A\n                      <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                      R agonist, and to a lesser extent an A\n                      <jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>\n                      R agonist, reduced IL-8 levels in inflamed keratinocytes. Similarly, M5-treated dermal fibroblasts released IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and IL-8, and exhibited activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. In inflamed dermal fibroblasts, both A\n                      <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                      R and A\n                      <jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>\n                      R were upregulated, and IL-8 release was mitigated by an A\n                      <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                      R agonist.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, these results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which the CD73\/adenosine axis can be modulated in psoriatic conditions and may guide the development of effective strategies to mitigate inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1698290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T06:48:50Z","timestamp":1770360530000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Oncostatin M upregulates CD73 via the MAPK pathway in keratinocytes to promote an adenosine-dependent anti-inflammatory response in psoriasis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Caterina","family":"Giraulo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno","place":["Fisciano, SA, Italy"]},{"name":"PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno","place":["Fisciano, SA, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"De Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d","place":["Napoli, NA, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Plaitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d","place":["Napoli, NA, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno","place":["Fisciano, SA, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elva","family":"Morretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d","place":["Napoli, NA, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d","place":["Napoli, NA, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christa E.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn","place":["Bonn, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Cicala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d","place":["Napoli, NA, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Morello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno","place":["Fisciano, SA, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2014.09.002","article-title":"The immunopathogenesis of psoriasis","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-024-08991-7","article-title":"The immunology of psoriasis-current concepts in pathogenesis","volume":"66","author":"Sieminska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120225","article-title":"Immunology of psoriasis","volume":"32","author":"Lowes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05663","article-title":"Pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis","volume":"445","author":"Lowes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04523-3","article-title":"Advances in the pathogenesis of psoriasis: from keratinocyte perspective","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2012.11.005","article-title":"The IL-23\/T17 pathogenic axis in psoriasis is amplified by keratinocyte responses","volume":"34","author":"Lowes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14219","article-title":"Abnormal regulation of fibronectin production by fibroblasts in psoriasis","volume":"174","author":"Gub\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2413549","article-title":"Psoriatic fibroblasts induce hyperproliferation of normal keratinocytes in a skin equivalent model in vitro","volume":"230","author":"Saiag","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.06.030","article-title":"ZFP36 family members regulate the proinflammatory features of psoriatic dermal fibroblasts","volume":"142","author":"Angiolilli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2021.10.010","article-title":"Adenosine and inflammation: it\u2019s time to (re)solve the problem","volume":"43","author":"Antonioli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2638","article-title":"Adenosine receptors: therapeutic aspects for inflammatory and immune diseases","volume":"7","author":"Hask\u00f3","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00085","article-title":"Regulation of inflammation by adenosine","volume":"4","author":"Hask\u00f3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.01.024","article-title":"Nucleotide- and nucleoside-converting ectoenzymes: Important modulators of purinergic signalling cascade","volume":"1783","author":"Yegutkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta BBA  Mol Cell Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2017.01.002","article-title":"Extracellular ATP and adenosine: The Yin and Yang in immune\nresponses","volume":"55","author":"Faas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(00)00570-0","article-title":"Comparison of the potency of adenosine as an agonist at human adenosine receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells1","volume":"61","author":"Fredholm","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-01-065870","article-title":"A2A adenosine receptors and C\/EBP\u03b2 are crucially required for IL-10 production by macrophages exposed to Escherichia coli","volume":"110","author":"Cs\u00f3ka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.096016","article-title":"Adenosine Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Release from Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages via A 2A and A 2B but Not the A 3 Adenosine Receptor","volume":"317","author":"Kreckler","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4804fje","article-title":"Immunomodulatory impact of the A2A adenosine receptor on the profile of chemokines produced by neutrophils","volume":"20","author":"McColl","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00162","article-title":"Adenosine A2A receptor stimulation inhibits TCR-induced notch1 activation in CD8+T-cells","volume":"10","author":"Sorrentino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-03-081646","article-title":"A2A receptor signaling promotes peripheral tolerance by inducing T-cell anergy and the generation of adaptive regulatory T cells","volume":"111","author":"Zarek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062512","article-title":"Adenosine generation catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 expressed on regulatory T cells mediates immune suppression","volume":"204","author":"Deaglio","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00190\/abstract","article-title":"The development and immunosuppressive functions of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells are under influence of the adenosine-A2A adenosine receptor pathway","volume":"3","author":"Ohta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/414916a","article-title":"Role of G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors in downregulation of inflammation and protection from tissue damage","volume":"414","author":"Ohta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123071","article-title":"Insight into adenosine pathway in psoriasis: Elucidating its role and the potential therapeutical applications","volume":"357","author":"Giraulo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2009.03.020","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory target A(3) adenosine receptor is over-expressed in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"258","author":"Ochaion","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.07.028","article-title":"Adenosine A2A and A2B receptors differentially modulate keratinocyte proliferation: possible deregulation in psoriatic epidermis","volume":"137","author":"Andr\u00e9s","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12561","article-title":"Phenotypical analysis of ectoenzymes CD 39\/CD 73 and adenosine receptor 2A in CD 4 +CD 25 high Foxp3 + regulatory T-cells in psoriasis","volume":"59","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2310970","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2310970","article-title":"Inhibition of IL-17 and IL-23 in human keratinocytes by the A3 adenosine receptor agonist piclidenoson","volume":"2018","author":"Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19811","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of piclidenoson in plaque psoriasis: Results from a randomized phase 3 clinical trial (COMFORT-1)","volume":"38","author":"Papp","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol JEADV"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c13558","article-title":"Photoswitchable diazocine derivative for adenosine A3 receptor activation in psoriasis","volume":"147","author":"L\u00f3pez-Cano","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105731","article-title":"Optical control of adenosine A3 receptor function in psoriasis","volume":"170","author":"L\u00f3pez-Cano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.07.174","article-title":"Positive allosteric modulation of A2AR alters immune cell responses and ameliorates psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice","volume":"142","author":"Welihinda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116884","article-title":"The antiinflammatory mechanism of methotrexate. Increased adenosine release at inflamed sites diminishes leukocyte accumulation in an in vivo model of inflammation","volume":"92","author":"Cronstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.048637","article-title":"Methotrexate modulates the kinetics of adenosine in humans in vivo","volume":"65","author":"Riksen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902464","article-title":"Skin inflammation induced by the synergistic action of IL-17A, IL-22, oncostatin M, IL-1\u03b1, and TNF-\u03b1 Recapitulates some features of psoriasis","volume":"184","author":"Guilloteau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010129","article-title":"Dexamethasone attenuates oncostatin M production via suppressing of PI3K\/akt\/NF-\u03baB signaling in neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells","volume":"27","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-022-01652-x","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of euscaphic acid in the atopic dermatitis model by reducing skin inflammation and intense pruritus","volume":"45","author":"Jeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"03946320221111135","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320221111135","article-title":"Purpurin suppresses atopic dermatitis via TNF-\u03b1\/IFN-\u03b3-induced inflammation in HaCaT cells","volume":"36","author":"Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0613-8","article-title":"Oncostatin M promotes excitotoxicity by inhibiting glutamate uptake in astrocytes: implications in HIV-associated neurotoxicity","volume":"13","author":"Moidunny","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2020.08.014","article-title":"Discovery of covalent MKK4\/7 dual inhibitor","volume":"27","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Chem Biol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2017.3040","article-title":"JAK\/STAT3 and Smad3 activities are required for the wound healing properties of Periplaneta americana extracts","volume":"40","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-32-83","article-title":"Everolimus-induced human keratinocytes toxicity is mediated by STAT3 inhibition","volume":"32","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900075","DOI":"10.1002\/adtp.201900075","article-title":"X-ray co-crystal structure guides the way to subnanomolar competitive ecto-5\u2032-nucleotidase (CD73) inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e72638","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072638","article-title":"Ensemble of gene signatures identifies novel biomarkers in colorectal cancer activated through PPAR\u03b3 and TNF\u03b1 Signaling","volume":"8","author":"Pagnotta","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-012-0186-y","article-title":"Signaling network of Oncostatin M pathway","volume":"7","author":"Dey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0066-7","article-title":"Recent insights into targeting the IL-6 cytokine family in inflammatory diseases and cancer","volume":"18","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8272873","article-title":"Association and activation of jak-tyk kinases by CNTF-LIF-OSM-IL-6 \u03b2 Receptor components","volume":"263","author":"Stahl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2005.05.005","article-title":"Transcriptional responses of human epidermal keratinocytes to Oncostatin-M","volume":"31","author":"Finelt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.7.4615","article-title":"Oncostatin M secreted by skin infiltrating T lymphocytes is a potent keratinocyte activator involved in skin inflammation","volume":"178","author":"Boniface","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00145.x","article-title":"Adenosine- and adenine-nucleotide-mediated inhibition of normal and transformed keratinocyte proliferation is dependent upon dipyridamole-sensitive adenosine transport","volume":"115","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.344","article-title":"Purinergic signaling in healthy and diseased skin","volume":"132","author":"Burnstock","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e149538","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI149538","article-title":"Fibroblast pathology in inflammatory diseases","volume":"131","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01549\/full","article-title":"The interplay between keratinocytes and immune cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis","volume":"9","author":"Albanesi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01327.x","article-title":"Keratins and the keratinocyte activation cycle","volume":"116","author":"Freedberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12558.x","article-title":"Keratinocyte ATP release assay for testing skin-irritating potentials of structurally diverse chemicals","volume":"121","author":"Mizumoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23835.x","article-title":"Human epidermal and monocyte-derived langerhans cells express functional P2X7 receptors","volume":"125","author":"Georgiou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0402-358","article-title":"CD39 is the dominant Langerhans cell\u2013associated ecto-NTPDase: Modulatory roles in inflammation and immune responsiveness","volume":"8","author":"Mizumoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.04.031","article-title":"Purinergic molecules in the epidermis","volume":"138","author":"Ogawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57666","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057666","article-title":"Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 modulates local ATP-induced calcium signaling in human haCaT keratinocytes","volume":"8","author":"Ho","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030050269","article-title":"Spontaneous release of leukemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin-M is increased in supernatants of short-term organ cultures from lesional psoriatic skin","volume":"290","author":"Bonifati","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20030407","article-title":"Principles of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokine signalling and its regulation","volume":"374","author":"Heinrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117033","article-title":"High levels of soluble CD73 unveil resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma cells","volume":"177","author":"Giraulo","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.14880","article-title":"CD73 is regulated by the EGFR-ERK signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"41","author":"Griesing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-1038","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance the chemoresistance of CD73+ hepatocellular carcinoma cancer cells via HGF-Met-ERK1\/2 pathway","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-0393","article-title":"Targeting adenosine in BRAF-mutant melanoma reduces tumor growth and metastasis","volume":"77","author":"Young","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-0395","article-title":"MAPK signaling and inflammation link melanoma phenotype switching to induction of CD73 during immunotherapy","volume":"77","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0373-9","article-title":"Methotrexate and its mechanisms of action in inflammatory arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Cronstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111859","article-title":"Methotrexate restores CD73 expression on th1.17 in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis patients and may contribute to its anti-inflammatory effect through ado production","volume":"8","author":"Bossennec","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24423","article-title":"Adenosine A2A receptor ligand recognition and signaling is blocked by A2B receptors","volume":"9","author":"Hinz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.07.007","article-title":"Adenosine receptors control HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory responses through protein phosphatase","volume":"327","author":"Fotheringham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/000155599750011606","article-title":"Interleukin-8 Plays its Role at Local Level in Psoriasis Vulgaris","volume":"79","author":"Sticherling","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3709749","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3709749","article-title":"Role of neutrophils in psoriasis","volume":"2020","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1698290\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T09:58:35Z","timestamp":1771927115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1698290\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1698290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1698290","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"article-number":"1698290"}}