{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:10:50Z","timestamp":1778217050232,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003042","name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-A91"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-A91"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T cells drive post-stroke secondary brain injury, with the Th17\/Treg balance shaping post-stroke inflammation. Soraphen A (SorA) inhibits Th17 polarization while preserving Tregs. We examined SorA\u2019s effects on post-stroke T cell activation \u2013 distinguishing antigen-specific from bystander activation \u2013 including inflammatory conditions induced by LPS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Male Nur77\n                      <jats:sup>GFP<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice (12\u201314 weeks) underwent tMCAO. At reperfusion, mice received intraperitoneal LPS or vehicle; SorA or vehicle was given 2\u00a0h later and daily thereafter. MRI at 16\u00a0h and 7\u00a0d confirmed infarcts and measured lesion volumes. Functional outcomes were assessed by daily scoring and behavioral tests before surgery and at 2 and 6\u00a0d. T cell activation and polarization were analyzed by flow cytometry in brain, lungs, spleen, blood, and lymph nodes at 16\u00a0h, 2, 3, and 7\u00a0d, with GFP indicating antigen-specific activation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LPS worsened functional outcomes and increased peripheral T cell activation post-stroke. SorA improved functional recovery, reduced peripheral T cell activation and enhanced antigen-specific T cell activation. SorA increased Treg in LPS-treated mice and reversed LPS-induced alterations in both T cell activation and behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Soraphen A modulates systemic and organ-specific T cell responses in experimental ischemic stroke and improves outcomes. SorA increases regulatory T cells, reverses LPS-associated T cell activation (CD25, CD69, PD-1) and behavioral deficits, and shifts responses toward antigen-specific T cell receptor-mediated activation. These results support SorA as a promising immunomodulatory strategy to refine post-stroke immunity, extend the therapeutic window, and improve outcomes with potential benefits in the context of post-stroke infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1703552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T04:40:31Z","timestamp":1778215231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting T cell metabolism and polarization to modulate post-stroke immune responses and improve outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Juliane","family":"Gellrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medicine","place":["Greifswald, 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