{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:29:05Z","timestamp":1792459745467,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is driven by dysregulated innate immunity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Monocyte\/macrophage trafficking and polarization critically shape disease trajectory, yet clinically tractable immunometabolic interventions are limited. We hypothesized that 650 nm red-light photobiomodulation (PBM) alleviates septic ALI by reprogramming myeloid responses and preserving mitochondrial function via adiponectin signaling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Septic ALI was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. Animals received 650 nm PBM (10 min, every 6 h, three times within 24 h). Survival, lung edema, histology, and serum cytokines were assessed. Lung chemokines\/cytokines were profiled by 23-plex Luminex. Immune composition was analyzed by flow cytometry, and CCR2\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/CX3CR1\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      subsets were visualized in CcrRFP\u2013Cx3cr1GFP mice using 3D cryo-fMOST. IHC quantified CX3CR1, CCR2, CD68, CD86, and CD206. Adiponectin was measured in serum\/BALF and lung. Pathway relevance was tested by AdipoR1 siRNA. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, PBM effects on cytokines, ATP, mitochondrial ROS (MitoSOX), membrane potential (JC-1), and MitoTracker fluorescence were evaluated, with\/without AdipoR1 knockdown.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PBM prolonged survival, reduced lung edema, improved histopathology, and lowered systemic TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, and MCP-1. Luminex showed broad suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., G-\/GM-CSF, IL-1 family, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17A, TNF-\u03b1) and chemokines (CCL11, CXCL1, MCP-1\/CCL2, CCL3\/4\/5), with increases in IL-4\/IL-10\/IL-13. Flow cytometry revealed decreased neutrophils, monocytes, and inflammatory macrophages, alongside restored eosinophils and resident macrophages. Cryo-fMOST and IHC demonstrated reduced CCR2\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/CD86\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      inflammatory cells and enrichment of CX3CR1\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/CD206\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      reparative cells. PBM elevated adiponectin in serum, BALF, and lung; AdipoR1 knockdown abrogated anti-inflammatory effects and myeloid rebalancing.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , PBM dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced TNF-\u03b1\/IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2 while increasing IL-10, restored ATP, reduced mitochondrial ROS, and improved membrane potential, that benefits lost with AdipoR1 silencing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Septic ALI modulated by 650 nm PBM was characterized by suppressing CCR2\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      inflammatory recruitment, enriching CX3CR1\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/M2-like macrophages, and preserving mitochondrial function through adiponectin\u2013AdipoR1 signaling. These data position red-light PBM as a mechanistically grounded, non-invasive method for sepsis-associated lung injury.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1710363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T05:14:50Z","timestamp":1769058890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["650 nm red-light therapy attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury via adiponectin-mediated immune\u2013metabolic reprogramming"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yiqiu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, 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China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yier","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiadie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yafeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive 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