{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:28:46Z","timestamp":1790090926713,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains associated with high relapse rates and poor long-term survival, particularly in refractory patients or those ineligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy due to intrinsic cytotoxicity, low risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), immune restoration capacity, and feasibility of allogeneic off-the-shelf manufacturing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic review of phase 1\u20132 clinical trials evaluating non\u2013genetically modified NK-cell adoptive transfer was performed using PubMed and EMBASE (2000\u20132024). Study selection and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers in Rayyan\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Study characteristics, interventions, and outcomes were extracted. Response rate in relapsed\/refractory (R\/R) AML receiving NK monotherapy was pooled using single-proportion meta-analysis. One-year disease-free survival (DFS) in other settings was pooled by inverse variance using logarithm-transformed rates. Heterogeneity (I\u00b2), publication bias, and study quality (NIH before\u2013after tool) were assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 790 records identified, 29 studies were included, predominantly single-arm phase I\/II trials (one randomized phase II). In R\/R AML (11 studies; 217 patients), pooled response rate was 35% (95% CI 29\u201342; I\u00b2=30%), with 20.2% proceeding to HSCT. Higher responses were observed in strategies enhancing NK activation or persistence, including expanded multi-infusion platforms and CIML-NK. In low-\/intermediate-risk AML in remission (3 studies; 38 patients), pooled 1-year DFS was 82% (95% CI 56\u2013100; I\u00b2=0). In high-risk AML in remission and ineligible for HSCT (5 studies; 59 patients), pooled 1-year DFS was 26% (95% CI 12\u201355; I\u00b2=84). In studies combining NK transfer with haploidentical HSCT (9 studies; 303 patients), pooled 1-year DFS was 40% (95% CI 27\u201357; I\u00b2=94). Toxicities were generally mild, GVHD rates were low (0\u20138%), and severe events were uncommon. NK-cell persistence was typically short, improving with multiple infusions and CIML approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adoptive allogeneic NK-cell transfer appears safe and clinically promising, particularly for patients unfit for intensive therapy or HSCT. At present, its use should remain limited to clinical trials. Future studies should define the optimal approach that maximizes clinical activity while maintaining low toxicity and achieving durable persistence of allogeneic NK cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1717413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T06:49:55Z","timestamp":1774421395000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["NK cell adoptive transfer in acute myeloid leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Let\u00edcia Dalla Vecchia","family":"Grassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Division of Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela de Toledo Passos","family":"Candelaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Division of Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella de Oliveira","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Division of Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Raposo","family":"Nishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Division of Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Font\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Division of Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe Medauar Reis de Andrade","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Division of Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heitor Duarte","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Division of Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mauro","family":"Kutner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Division of Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Hamerschlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Aparecida Preto","family":"De Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Division of Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Javier","family":"Arcuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Academic Research Organization","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucila Nassif","family":"Kerbauy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Division of Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Faculdade Israelita de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16010","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.10","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"2","author":"Khwaja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016867","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2022 recommendations from an international expert panel on behalf of the ELN","volume":"140","author":"D\u00f6hner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00425-3","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia: current progress and future directions","volume":"11","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27625","article-title":"Acute Myeloid Leukemia: 2025 Update on Diagnosis, Risk-Stratification, and Management","volume":"100","author":"Shimony","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00459-7","article-title":"CAR-T cell therapy: current limitations and potential strategies","volume":"11","author":"Sterner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2019.05.002","article-title":"Cellular therapy for acute myeloid Leukemia \u2013 Current status and future prospects","volume":"37","author":"Hansrivijit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0052-1","article-title":"NK cells for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Shimasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00064","article-title":"Kinetics of cytotoxic lymphocytes reconstitution after induction chemotherapy in elderly AML patients reveals progressive recovery of normal phenotypic and functional features in NK cells","volume":"8","author":"Rey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.10.3661","article-title":"Defective expression and function of natural killer cell\u2013triggering receptors in patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"99","author":"Costello","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.087536","article-title":"Leukemia-induced phenotypic and functional defects in natural killer cells predict failure to achieve remission in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"99","author":"Stringaris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.732135","article-title":"Current perspectives on \u201cOff-the-shelf\u201d Allogeneic NK and CAR-NK cell therapies","volume":"12","author":"Heipertz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-024-03778-0","article-title":"Evolution of natural killer cell-targeted therapy for acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"120","author":"Kaito","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-023-01849-5","article-title":"The infusion of ex vivo, interleukin-15 and -21-activated donor NK cells after haploidentical HCT in high-risk AML and MDS patients\u2014a randomized trial","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11610-x","article-title":"Phase I non-randomized clinical trial of allogeneic natural killer cells infusion in acute myeloid leukemia patients","volume":"23","author":"Ahmadvand","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27281","article-title":"Results of a phase I trial with Haploidentical mbIL-21 ex vivo expanded NK cells for patients with multiply relapsed and refractory AML","volume":"99","author":"Ciurea","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.12.035","article-title":"Donor-Derived Memory-like NK Cells for the Treatment of Children and Young Adults with Relapsed AML Following Allo-HCT","volume":"30","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021013972","article-title":"Donor memory-like NK cells persist and induce remissions in pediatric patients with relapsed AML after transplant","volume":"139","author":"Bednarski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17751","article-title":"Adoptive immunotherapy with double-bright (CD56bright\/CD16bright) expanded natural killer cells in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"195","author":"Silla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018028332","article-title":"First-in-human trial of rhIL-15 and haploidentical natural killer cell therapy for advanced acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"3","author":"Cooley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-3196","article-title":"Complete remission with reduction of high-risk clones following haploidentical NK-cell therapy against MDS and AML","volume":"24","author":"Bjorklund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2017.07.008","article-title":"Phase 1 clinical trial of adoptive immunotherapy using \u201coff-the-shelf\u201d activated natural killer cells in patients with refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"19","author":"Boyiadzis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf2341","article-title":"Cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells exhibit enhanced responses against myeloid leukemia","volume":"8","author":"Romee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0312","article-title":"Multidimensional analyses of donor memory-like NK cells reveal new associations with response after adoptive immunotherapy for leukemia","volume":"10","author":"Berrien-Elliott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2015.12.028","article-title":"Phase II study of haploidentical natural killer cell infusion for treatment of relapsed or persistent myeloid Malignancies following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"22","author":"Shaffer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplantation"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3855","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-10-532531","article-title":"Clearance of acute myeloid leukemia by haploidentical natural killer cells is improved using IL-2 diphtheria toxin fusion protein","volume":"123","author":"Bachanova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2974","article-title":"Successful adoptive transfer and in vivo expansion of human haploidentical NK cells in patients with cancer","volume":"105","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2021.01.013","article-title":"Phase 2 clinical trial of infusing haploidentical K562-mb15-41BBL-activated and expanded natural killer cells as consolidation therapy for pediatric acute myeloblastic leukemia","volume":"21","author":"G\u00f3mez Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0564-6","article-title":"A phase II clinical trial of adoptive transfer of haploidentical natural killer cells for consolidation therapy of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"7","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.24.4590","article-title":"NKAML: A pilot study to determine the safety and feasibility of haploidentical natural killer cell transplantation in childhood acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"28","author":"Rubnitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.03.019","article-title":"A phase 1 trial of CNDO-109\u2013activated natural killer cells in patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"24","author":"Fehniger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplantation"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-2981","article-title":"Successful transfer of umbilical cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor-derived NK cells in older acute myeloid leukemia patients","volume":"23","author":"Dolstra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-1604","article-title":"Larger size of donor alloreactive NK cell repertoire correlates with better response to NK cell immunotherapy in elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients","volume":"22","author":"Curti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123416","article-title":"Two-stage priming of allogeneic natural killer cells for the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia: A phase I trial","volume":"10","author":"Kottaridis","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-329508","article-title":"Successful transfer of alloreactive haploidentical KIR ligand-mismatched natural killer cells after infusion in elderly high risk acute myeloid leukemia patients","volume":"118","author":"Curti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01567-0","article-title":"Memory T-cell enriched haploidentical transplantation with NK cell addback results in promising long-term outcomes: a phase II trial","volume":"17","author":"Naik","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01349-4","article-title":"Decrease post-transplant relapse using donor-derived expanded NK-cells","volume":"36","author":"Ciurea","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2016.04.009","article-title":"Haploidentical natural killer cells infused before allogeneic stem cell transplantation for myeloid Malignancies: A phase I trial","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplantation"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2016.08.008","article-title":"Donor-derived natural killer cell infusion after human leukocyte antigen\u2013haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with refractory acute leukemia","volume":"22","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplantation"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.01.031","article-title":"Donor-derived natural killer cells infused after human leukocyte antigen-haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation: A dose-escalation study","volume":"20","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplantation"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444586","article-title":"Tracking in vivo dynamics of NK cells transferred in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation","volume":"44","author":"Killig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.162","article-title":"Pre-emptive immunotherapy with purified natural killer cells after haploidentical SCT: A prospective phase II study in two centers","volume":"48","author":"Stern","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2009.304","article-title":"Generation of donor natural killer cells from CD34 progenitor cells and subsequent infusion after HLA-mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: A feasibility study","volume":"45","author":"Yoon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transpl"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023022481","article-title":"How I treat refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"143","author":"Thol","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024013086","article-title":"Venetoclax-based salvage therapy as a bridge to transplant is feasible and effective in patients with relapsed\/refractory AML","volume":"9","author":"Unglaub","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20406207221081637","DOI":"10.1177\/20406207221081637","article-title":"A retrospective comparison of salvage intensive chemotherapy versus venetoclax-combined regimen in patients with relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML)","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther Adv Hematol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1902688","article-title":"Gilteritinib or chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory FLT3 -mutated AML","volume":"381","author":"Perl","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716984","article-title":"Durable remissions with ivosidenib in IDH1-mutated relapsed or refractory AML","volume":"378","author":"DiNardo","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4280","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-0834","article-title":"Differentiation syndrome with ivosidenib and enasidenib treatment in patients with relapsed or refractory IDH-mutated AML: A U.S. Food and Drug Administration systematic analysis","volume":"26","author":"Norsworthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.24.00826","article-title":"Menin inhibition with revumenib for KMT2A-rearranged relapsed or refractory acute leukemia (AUGMENT-101)","volume":"43","author":"Issa","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2012971","article-title":"Azacitidine and venetoclax in previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"383","author":"DiNardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27246","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of VIALE-A: venetoclax and azacitidine in chemotherapy-ineligible untreated acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"99","author":"Pratz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1370405","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents in relapsed\/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: a multicenter real-life experience","volume":"14","author":"Angotzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1358668","article-title":"The role and novel use of natural killer cells in graft-versus-leukemia reactions after allogeneic transplantation","volume":"15","author":"Hadjis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.5049","article-title":"Clinical relevance of natural killer cells following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"4","author":"Palmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"w13700","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2012.13700","article-title":"Natural killer cell immunity after transplantation","volume":"142","author":"Terszowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813192106","article-title":"Cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells","volume":"106","author":"Cooper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12947","article-title":"Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of memory NK cell responses","volume":"300","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-025-01669-3","article-title":"First-in-human evaluation of memory-like NK cells with an IL-15 super-agonist and CTLA-4 blockade in advanced head and neck cancer","volume":"18","author":"Shapiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14523","article-title":"Two-year efficacy of SNK01 plus pembrolizumab for non-small cell lung cancer: Expanded observations from a phase I\/IIa randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abm1375","article-title":"Hematopoietic cell transplantation donor-derived memory-like NK cells functionally persist after transfer into patients with leukemia","volume":"14","author":"Berrien-Elliott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2025-6","article-title":"Results from paradigm - a phase 2 randomized multi-center study comparing azacitidine and venetoclax to conventional induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed fit adults with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"146","author":"Amir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1717413\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T06:49:58Z","timestamp":1774421398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1717413\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1717413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1717413","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"article-number":"1717413"}}