{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T06:47:47Z","timestamp":1776840467366,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Autophagy functions as a context-dependent stress adaptation pathway in T cells; however, its role in sustaining chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell function within solid tumor environments remains insufficiently defined. In this study, we investigated whether ATG5-mediated autophagy regulation contributes to CAR-T cell functional durability under tumor-associated stress conditions. ATG5 overexpression (OE) CAR-T cells did not increase basal autophagy activity but instead selectively enhanced autophagy flux in response to inducible stimuli. Under tumor-mimicking immunosuppressive conditions, ATG5 OE CAR-T cells maintained cytotoxic activity during prolonged antigen exposure and exhibited preserved effector cytokine production together with reduced oxidative stress. Consistent with these\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    findings, ATG5 OE CAR-T cells exhibited enhanced antitumor efficacy\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    under IR-preconditioned settings, characterized by improved tumor control and survival, which was associated with sustained effector function of tumor-infiltrating CAR-T cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that reinforcing inducible autophagy capacity through ATG5 promotes the maintenance of CAR-T cell function under tumor-associated challenges, highlighting a targeted strategy to enhance CAR-T cell persistence in solid tumor immunotherapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1720544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:49:53Z","timestamp":1776836993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ATG5-mediated inducible autophagy sustains CAR-T cell durability under solid tumor stress"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sang-Eun","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Cell & Gene Therapy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National 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