{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T06:25:37Z","timestamp":1772000737762,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32301234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32301234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010877","name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCYJ20240813172200002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20240813172200002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012151","name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZSM202311032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM202311032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral blood samples are widely used in HLA genotyping due to their easy accessibility and the high-quality DNA from nucleated leukocytes. However, in cases of disease relapse requiring a second transplantation, clinicians encounter significant challenges in performing HLA genotyping and interpreting complex results from patients who have undergone haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT). Furthermore, systematic studies investigating the impact of haplo-HSCT on recipients\u2019 HLA genotypes across different tissues remain scarce. Therefore, this study aims to analyze HLA genotypes in various tissues of the recipient after haplo-HSCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 66 patients who received haplo-HSCT were enrolled, with peripheral blood, buccal swab and saliva samples collected for HLA genotyping. The results were compared with pre-HSCT HLA genotypes of the patients and their respective donors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The majority of peripheral blood samples (55\/57) exhibited the donor\u2019s HLA genotype, whereas most buccal swabs (54\/62) retained the patient\u2019s pre-HSCT genotype. Among 20 salivary samples, 45% of patients retained their pre-HSCT genotype, while 30% exhibited the donor\u2019s genotype. Notably, chimerism and HLA loss were detected in buccal swab and saliva cells of certain recipients. More strikingly, one patient\u2019s buccal sample displayed complete donor HLA genotype replacement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings enhance our comprehension of the genetic effects of haplo-HSCT on the recipient\u2019s different tissues and provide valuable insights for the rational selection of tissue samples and data interpretation in HLA genotyping for patients who underwent allogenic HSCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1725621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T05:32:25Z","timestamp":1771997545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of HLA genotype in the recipients\u2019 different tissues after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing-Na","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhan-Rou","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yin-Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Min","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Hui","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Yan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1983.1.9.517","article-title":"Karnofsky Memorial Lecture. 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