{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:36:16Z","timestamp":1793500576200,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Acquired Anti-interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 Autoantibody Syndrome (AAS) is an emerging immunodeficiency predisposing to disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. We report a 51-year-old woman with AAS presenting with Sweet\u2019s syndrome, disseminated\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp\n                    <jats:italic>. bolletii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, and central nervous system (CNS) involvement manifested as leptomeningeal enhancement despite sterile cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnosis was confirmed by serum anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibody titer &amp;gt;1:10,000 and lymph node culture. The patient achieved sustained remission through a staged approach: 26 months of tailored antibiotics (imipenem\/ceftazidime\/amikacin\/clarithromycin-based regimen) followed by delayed cyclophosphamide immunotherapy. This case highlights the importance of anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibody screening in disseminated infections and demonstrates that CNS involvement may occur without typical cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities. Our management strategy-prioritizing infection control before immunosuppression-provides a pragmatic framework for resource-limited settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1726291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T06:52:01Z","timestamp":1773211921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case Report: Disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii infection with central nervous system involvement in acquired anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibody syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neuromedicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]},{"name":"Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaowen","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibing","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neuromedicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"]},{"name":"Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases","place":["Shenzhen, 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