{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T08:02:32Z","timestamp":1793779352252,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Excessive inflammation mediated by macrophages impedes wound healing following surgical drainage of perianal abscess, a common yet challenging condition in colorectal surgery.\n                      <jats:italic>Cayratia japonica<\/jats:italic>\n                      ointment (CJO) has shown clinical efficacy, but its active immunomodulatory constituents and mechanisms remain unclear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of seven CJO-derived flavonoids in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Skin pharmacokinetics were assessed in mice, and therapeutic efficacy was tested in a rat postoperative perianal abscess model. Molecular mechanisms were investigated via Western blot, RT-qPCR, and molecular docking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that apigenin exhibited the highest transdermal exposure among all detected components.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , apigenin significantly suppressed LPS-induced production of IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-1\u03b2 in RAW 264.7 cells.\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , apigenin treatment markedly reduced serum levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines, attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration, and promoted collagen deposition at the wound site. Mechanistically, apigenin downregulated both the phosphorylation and total protein levels of JAK1 and STAT3, suggesting functional modulation of the JAK1\/STAT3 signaling pathway.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Apigenin may contribute to observed biological effects of CJO that promotes wound healing by attenuating macrophage-driven inflammation through potential modulation of the JAK1\/STAT3 signaling pathway, offering a promising natural immunomodulator for postoperative wound management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1726917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T05:22:48Z","timestamp":1769577768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Apigenin ameliorates postoperative inflammation and accelerates wound healing in a rat model of perianal abscess by targeting the JAK1\/STAT3 pathway in macrophages"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ruixue","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, 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Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Comprehensive Health Products Development, Taizhou Engineering Research Center for Quality and Industrialization of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Taizhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuelong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beihua","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, 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