{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T15:56:10Z","timestamp":1781279770330,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is the most severe form of autoimmune kidney diseases characterized by pathogenic autoantibodies against GBM component, \u03b13(IV)NC1. However, the status of circulating soluble \u03b13(IV)NC1 (also known as tumstatin) in patients with anti-GBM disease and its clinical relevance remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum soluble \u03b13(IV)NC1 level [ss-\u03b13(IV)NC1] in patients with anti-GBM disease, and to analyze its association to clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy patients with anti-GBM disease and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled. Ss-\u03b13(IV)NC1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The level was compared and analyzed with clinical-pathological features and kidney outcome, and the statistical significance was determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ss-\u03b13(IV)NC1 concentrations were elevated in 41 (58.6%) patients with anti-GBM disease and 0 (0.0%) healthy individuals. They were significantly higher in patients with anti-GBM disease (18.32 \u00b1 9.56 ng\/mL) than those in healthy individuals (5.84 \u00b1 2.78 ng\/mL) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). Ss-\u03b13(IV)NC1 correlated with age (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.385,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), serum creatinine (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.286,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.016), eGFR (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = -0.304,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.010), crescent percentage (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.339,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.030), and normal glomeruli percentage (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = -0.354,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.023). Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis revealed that patients with elevated ss-\u03b13(IV)NC1 had a worse kidney outcome than those with normal level (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.011).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ss-\u03b13(IV)NC1 was abnormally elevated in patients with anti-GBM disease. Elevated ss-\u03b13(IV)NC1 was associated with the disease severity in anti-GBM disease. The role of these elevated levels warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1728059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T06:41:45Z","timestamp":1771569705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Elevated serum soluble \u03b13(IV)NC1 correlates with kidney injury and worse outcome in patients with anti-glomerular basement membrane disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Huang","family":"Kuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Nephrology, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-shan","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Nephrology, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Nephrology, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-hui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Nephrology, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-yu","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Nephrology, Peking University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.89","article-title":"Advances in human antiglomerular basement membrane disease","volume":"7","author":"Cui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.07.006","article-title":"Autoimmunity in anti-glomerular basement membrane disease: A review of mechanisms and prospects for immunotherapy","volume":"81","author":"Kuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103531","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical features, risk factors, and outcomes in anti-glomerular basement membrane disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Kuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)37714-7","article-title":"Identification of the Goodpasture antigen as the alpha 3(IV) chain of collagen IV","volume":"263","author":"Saus","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.16.11267","article-title":"The goodpasture autoantigen. 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