{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T08:02:58Z","timestamp":1772006578732,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD) is a rare chronic demyelinating disorder. Neurofilament (NF) proteins are structural components specific to neuronal intermediate filaments within axons. The presence of anti-neurofilament antibodies is typically associated with axonal pathology and is seldom observed in patients with CCPD. We present a case of CCPD in a patient who tested positive for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the neurofilament heavy chain (NF-H-IgG) in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. Since 2019, the patient has exhibited a constellation of neurological symptoms, including severe neck and shoulder pain, left-sided limb weakness, distal extremity numbness, left-eye visual blurring, and impaired deep sensation. Electrophysiological and clinical evaluations indicated a primarily demyelinating peripheral neuropathy with secondary axonal involvement. Following treatment with low-dose corticosteroids in combination with cyclophosphamide (CTX), the patient demonstrated marked clinical improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1734707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T07:06:11Z","timestamp":1772003171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Combined central and peripheral nerve demyelination with neurofilament heavy chain antibodies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xue-Lu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ze-Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Medicine and Health Laboratory of Neuroimmunology","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Medicine and Health Laboratory of Neuroimmunology","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guan-Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Medicine and Health Laboratory of Neuroimmunology","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan-Bin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui-Sheng","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Medicine and Health Laboratory of Neuroimmunology","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology","place":["Jinan, China"]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Medicine and Health Laboratory of Neuroimmunology","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309831","article-title":"A nationwide survey of combined central and peripheral demyelination in Japan","volume":"87","author":"Ogata","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurology Neurosurg 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