{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:12:19Z","timestamp":1790874739756,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phage-Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) merges phage display with next-generation sequencing to enable high-throughput profiling of antibody repertoires. This review synthesizes the technical evolution of the PhIP-Seq platform, critically assessing the workflow from peptide library design and immunoprecipitation to bioinformatics analysis. We evaluate strategies for optimizing library diversity and minimizing non-specific binding, while addressing inherent limitations such as the detection of conformational epitopes and post-translational modifications. The clinical utility of PhIP-Seq is examined through its application in identifying novel autoantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis, mapping viral epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium falciparum, and detecting tumor-associated antigens. Finally, we discuss the trajectory of the field toward integration with multi-omics datasets and the development of point-of-care diagnostic tools.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1735735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T06:56:04Z","timestamp":1770706564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["PhIP-Seq: unveiling the complexity of antibody repertoires in health and disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qijing","family":"Gai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Q-peptide Biotechnology Co., Ltd","place":["Shaoxing, 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