{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:17:30Z","timestamp":1791580650801,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sepsis is a life-threatening organ failure syndrome triggered by dysregulated host responses to infection. During disease progression, macrophages drive initial hyperinflammatory responses and critically regulate the subsequent immunosuppressive phase. Emerging evidence reveals that macrophage phenotypes dynamically adapt through metabolic reprogramming, creating phenotype-metabolism interdependence. Notably, lactate\u2014long considered merely a glycolytic byproduct\u2014now emerges as a key regulator through histone lactylation. This epigenetic modification fine-tunes macrophage functionality and corrects inflammatory imbalance in sepsis. This breakthrough illuminates lactylation\u2019s central role in macrophage regulation, opening new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues. This review comprehensively examines lactylation mechanisms and their impact on metabolic control in sepsis-associated macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1738765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T05:30:49Z","timestamp":1772775049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Lactylation modification - a bridge between sepsis and macrophage metabolic reprogramming"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhe","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui song","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deng Yun","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30696-2","article-title":"Sepsis and septic shock","volume":"392","author":"Cecconi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Bellomo","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2017: analysis for the global burden of disease study","volume":"395","author":"Rudd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0781OC","article-title":"Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis. 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