{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T18:36:25Z","timestamp":1769798185402,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NextGenerationEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) involves the reinfusion of autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes rendered apoptotic by\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposure to psoralen and ultraviolet A light. Antigenic determinants presented by apoptotic lymphocytes, primarily T cells, elicit immunomodulatory responses that have shown therapeutic benefit in several conditions, including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, graft-versus-host disease, and various inflammatory\/autoimmune disorders. We treated with ECP a 41-year-old woman diagnosed with cutaneous lupus erythematosus and concomitant hypercholesterolemia, achieving a marked improvement of skin lesions. A study in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice demonstrated that immunization with syngeneic apoptotic thymocytes, a process mimicking ECP, induced the production of IgM antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OxLDL) that attenuated atherosclerosis. Thus, we explored whether ECP could similarly induce anti-OxLDL antibodies in our patient. Indeed, over the course of a 14-week ECP treatment we observed a steady increase in circulating IgM antibodies against malondialdehyde-modified LDL, a class of antibodies known to confer atheroprotection in preclinical models. Additionally, we documented an increase in circulating regulatory T cells, which are recognized as suppressing pro-atherogenic immune responses. These findings support the translational potential of a preclinical atheroprotection model and provide a proof of concept for clinical trials evaluating ECP in autoimmune diseases associated with accelerated atherosclerosis, where achieving dual benefits, clinical improvement and reduced cardiovascular risk, may be feasible.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1741656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T06:44:18Z","timestamp":1769755458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Extracorporeal photopheresis for cutaneous lupus erythematosus induces putatively atheroprotective B and T cell responses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Marcella","family":"Visentini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza 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Gualana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Carlesimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milvia","family":"Casato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Basili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Arca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Piconese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Fiorilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph 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