{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T06:48:02Z","timestamp":1774594082035,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL139766, R01HL170580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL139766, R01HL170580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kawasaki disease (KD), a systemic vasculitis and the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children, stems from an uncontrolled inflammatory response that fails to resolve in up to 20% of IVIG-treated patients. This treatment resistance increases the risk of cardiovascular complications and highlights the need for more targeted therapeutics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used the\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus casei<\/jats:italic>\n                      cell wall extract (LCWE) murine model of KD vasculitis to investigate the therapeutic potential of itaconate, an anti-inflammatory metabolite, in the pathogenesis of KD. The expression of aconitate decarboxylase 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>Acod1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), which encodes the mitochondrial enzyme that produces itaconate, was assessed in both samples from KD patients and vascular tissues of LCWE-injected mice. LCWE-injected mice were treated with itaconate, and the severity of LCWE-induced KD vasculitis was evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      LCWE injection led to the development of cardiovascular lesions, specifically aortitis, coronary arteritis, and abdominal aorta dilatation. Expression of\n                      <jats:italic>ACOD1<\/jats:italic>\n                      was upregulated in KD patients during the acute phase of the disease and in cardiovascular lesions of LCWE-injected mice. Treatment with itaconate significantly reduced the development of LCWE-induced cardiovascular lesions. Mechanistically, exogenous itaconate suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LCWE-induced cardiovascular lesions and decreased IL-1\u03b2 secretion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Itaconate treatment provides cardiovascular protection in an experimental mouse model of KD vasculitis by decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reducing vascular inflammation. Itaconate may be a promising therapeutic agent for patients with KD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1748519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T05:19:23Z","timestamp":1774588763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Itaconate ameliorates cardiovascular inflammation in a mouse model of Kawasaki disease vasculitis \u2013 brief report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Youngho","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children\u2019s, Cedars\u2212Sinai Health Sciences University","place":["Los Angeles, CA, United States"]},{"name":"Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars\u2212Sinai Health Sciences University","place":["Los Angeles, CA, United 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