{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:02:22Z","timestamp":1792551742588,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyroid diseases are common endocrine disorders, with the incidence of thyroid cancer and autoimmune thyroid diseases rising worldwide. Vitamin D, a multifunctional steroid hormone, primarily regulates bone metabolism and calcium-phosphorus homeostasis. However, recent evidence increasingly supports the hypothesis that vitamin D plays a central role in the onset and progression of thyroid disorders, including both autoimmune and non-autoimmune conditions. In the present review, we summarize the correlation between vitamin D and thyroid disorders, elucidate the anticancer and immunoregulatory mechanisms of vitamin D in thyroid diseases, and explore its role in modulating gut microbiota. Additionally, we examine the applications in clinical settings of the use of vitamin D supplements in thyroid disorders, such as a preventive measure against cancer development and progression. Clarifying the mechanisms of vitamin D action in the development and progression of thyroid disease will support the design of interventional and early therapeutic strategies that not only prevent disease onset but also serve as a secondary chemopreventive approach to halt progression and enhance thyroid function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1748648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T07:09:12Z","timestamp":1769411352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vitamin D as a central modulator of thyroid diseases: mechanisms and clinical implications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kewen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University","place":["Changchun, 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