{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T19:56:02Z","timestamp":1793908562752,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is an effective treatment for treatment-refractory hematological disorders with an acceptable safety profile. In contrast, preliminary reports suggest good efficacy for treatment-refractory autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune nervous system disease, but their safety profile is largely unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the first case of glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65) antibody-mediated cerebellar ataxia (CA) successfully treated with CD19 CAR-T cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 33-year-old male was diagnosed with GAD65 antibody mediated CA in 2023. Despite treatment with Rituximab and Cyclophosphamide, the patient\u2019s condition worsened with new-onset recurrent falls and increasing vertigo. Ambulation was maintained. CD19 CAR-T cells at a dose of 1 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells per kilogram of body weight were infused after administration of standard lymphodepleting chemotherapy, resulting in a good serological response with reduction of GAD65 serum titers by 95% at day +90, significant clinical improvement in ataxia at day +30 and no evidence of disease progression at day +270 clinically, radiologically and laboratory-wise. The toxicity was limited to cytokine release syndrome grade 1.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The favorable clinical response observed in our patient, along with other reports demonstrating preliminary efficacy and limited toxicity, supports further study of CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in GAD65 neurological disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1755797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T06:34:10Z","timestamp":1771310050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Successful fresh formulation CD19 CAR-T cell therapy for GAD65 antibody-mediated cerebellar ataxia. A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mantas","family":"Vaisvilas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Skirmante","family":"Cernauskiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania"]},{"name":"Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, National Cancer Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Petrosian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasa","family":"Giedraitiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mindaugas","family":"Stoskus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, National Cancer Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laimonas","family":"Griskevicius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania"]},{"name":"Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, National Cancer Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos","place":["Vilnius, Lithuania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0359-x","article-title":"GAD antibodies in neurological disorders - 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