{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T15:02:46Z","timestamp":1789225366139,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive hematological malignancy. The long-term prognosis of relapsed\/refractory plasma cell leukemia (R\/R PCL) remains poor, and few treatment options are available for patients with triple-refractory disease. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy targeting the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has shown promise, though its long-term efficacy and optimal subsequent strategies remain to be fully elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study analyzed the efficacy and safety of BCMA CAR-T therapy in 12 patients with triple-class R\/R PCL. Patients were stratified into consolidation (Group 1, allo-HSCT within 3 months post-CAR-T) and non-consolidation (Group 2, no allo-HSCT within 3 months post-CAR-T) groups, with survival outcomes compared between cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall response rate following BCMA-CAR-T cell therapy was 75% (9\/12); four patients achieved partial response, four achieved very good partial response, and one patient had complete response. Grade 3\u20134 cytopenia were universally observed, while 83.3% (10\/12)of the patients presented with mild (grade 1-2) cytokine release syndrome. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 8.9 months (95% CI: 4.6, not reached). The 1-year PFS rate was 33.3% (95% CI: 7.8\u201362.3), and the 2-year PFS rate was 22.2% (95% CI: 3.4\u201351.3). The median overall survival (OS) was 15.5 months (95% CI: 5.7, not reached). The 1-year OS rate was 55.6% (95% CI: 20.4\u201380.5), and the 2-year OS rate was 22.2% (95% CI: 3.4\u201351.3). furthermore, two of the four patients who underwent consolidation therapy showed long-term survival with stringent complete response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BCMA-CAR-T therapy confers short-term remission and survival benefits in relapsed\/refractory plasma cell leukemia (R\/R PCL). However, the definitive value of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) awaits validation in large-sample prospective studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1756209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T06:45:20Z","timestamp":1770273920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of BCMA CAR-T cell therapy and subsequent strategies in refractory and relapsed plasma cell leukemia: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuelu","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Center, Beijing Gobroad Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Center, Beijing Gobroad Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Center, Beijing Gobroad Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghua","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Center, Beijing Gobroad Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Center, Beijing Gobroad Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Center, Beijing Gobroad Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Center, Beijing Gobroad Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bian","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Center, Beijing Gobroad Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimeng","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Center, Beijing Gobroad Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biping","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytology Laboratory, Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilin","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, GoBroad Research Center","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex H.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai YaKe Biotechnology Ltd.","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Center, Beijing Gobroad Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Center, Beijing Gobroad Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.133.5.813","article-title":"Plasma cell leukemia. 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