{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:12:31Z","timestamp":1789042351140,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic, systemic fibroinflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by multi-organ involvement, elevated serum IgG4 levels, and dense infiltration of IgG4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    plasma cells. The disease can affect nearly any organ, and its clinical spectrum has continued to expand in recent years; involvement of the genitourinary system has been increasingly recognized, although direct involvement of the male external genitalia is extremely rare. We report a case of a 29-year-old man with IgG4-RD who initially presented with an unexplained penile mass. Clinical evaluation and laboratory testing revealed right inguinal lymphadenopathy along with elevated serum IgG4 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Histopathological examination demonstrated fibrosis and an increased number of IgG4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    plasma cells, confirming the diagnosis of IgG4-RD. The patient received prednisone at 30 mg\/day for four consecutive weeks, which resulted in a marked reduction of the lesion and improvement in symptoms, followed by a taper to a maintenance dose of 6 mg\/day. During follow-up, no recurrence of symptoms has been observed. This case indicates that IgG4-RD should be considered in patients presenting with unexplained penile masses, and early recognition with multidisciplinary collaboration among urology, pathology, and rheumatology is essential to prevent unnecessary surgical procedures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1757885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:17:24Z","timestamp":1773757044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["IgG4-related disease involving the penis: a rare case report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Junjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qichao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyuan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haowei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-003-1175-y","article-title":"A new clinicopathological entity of IgG4-related autoimmune disease","volume":"38","author":"Kamisawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1067","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1067","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis 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