{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T06:57:03Z","timestamp":1773212223633,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody\u2013associated disease (MOGAD) are among the leading causes of optic neuritis. This study aimed to examine differences in macular retinal structure and microvascular characteristics between affected and unaffected eyes in individuals with NMOSD and MOGAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study enrolled both eyes of patients diagnosed with optic neuritis (ON)secondary to NMOSD (22 patients: 36 NMOSD-ON eyes and 8 NMOSD-NON eyes), MOGAD (23 patients: 34 MOG-ON eyes and 12 MOG-NON eyes), and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs, 40 eyes) recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University (Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital) between February 2023 and January 2025. Microvascular density (MVD), vascular density (VD), blood flow area (BFA), and macular ganglion cell\u2013inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness were measured and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both NMOSD-ON and MOG-ON eyes showed significant reductions in MVD of radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP); MVD, VD, and BFA of superficial vascular complex (SVC); BFA of deep vascular complex (DVC); and GCIPL thickness compared with HCs (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). Compared with MOG-ON eyes, NMOSD-ON eyes demonstrated a greater reduction in BFA of choriocapillaris (CC) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.040). In MOG-NON eyes, the MVD of RPCP; the MVD, VD, and BFA of SVC; the BFA of DVC; and the GCIPL thickness were significantly lower than those in HCs, but remained higher than in MOG-ON eyes. In NMOSD-ON eyes, all MVD and VD parameters, SVC BFA, and GCIPL thickness were inversely correlated with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). In MOG-ON eyes, SVC MVD, VD, and GCIPL thickness were inversely correlated with BCVA and disease duration, while RPCP MVD and SVC BFA were inversely correlated only with BCVA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both NMOSD and MOGAD cause macular structural and microvascular damage associated with reduced BCVA. Decreased CC BFA may aid in distinguishing NMOSD from MOGAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1759144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T09:14:11Z","timestamp":1773134051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distinct macular structural and microvascular alterations differentiate neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody\u2013associated disease in optic neuritis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongzhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sensory Control, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruili","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingli","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaoqiao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chensheng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lanping","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shundao","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linna","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University","place":["Xianyang, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zijing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University","place":["Xianyang, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolai","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Major Blinding Eye Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songdi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Xi\u2019an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Neuroimmunological Diseases","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University","place":["Xianyang, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02249-1","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies","volume":"18","author":"Carnero Contentti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70216-8","article-title":"The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica","volume":"6","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1144-2","article-title":"Mog encephalomyelitis: international recommendations on diagnosis and antibody testing","volume":"15","author":"Jarius","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-184","article-title":"Complement activating antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in neuromyelitis optica and related disorders","volume":"8","author":"Mader","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105423","article-title":"Retinal structural and microvascular deterioration independent of optic neuritis in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: an optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat Disord"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-01014-1","article-title":"Nmosd and mogad: an evolving disease spectrum","volume":"20","author":"Uzawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1209749","article-title":"Pathology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: A comparison with multiple sclerosis and aquaporin 4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"14","author":"Takai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103503","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography (Octa) in differential diagnosis of aquaporin-4 antibody seronegative nmosd and multiple sclerosis","volume":"58","author":"Tiftikcioglu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat Disord"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105864","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography measurements in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"91","author":"Amanollahi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat Disord"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","article-title":"International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"85","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00431-8","article-title":"Diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: international mogad panel proposed criteria","volume":"22","author":"Banwell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00200-9","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis","volume":"21","author":"Petzold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.3","article-title":"The royal college of ophthalmologists\u2019 National ophthalmology database study of cataract surgery: report 1, visual outcomes and complications","volume":"29","author":"Day","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye (Lond.)"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0253417","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253417","article-title":"Macular vessel density differs in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: an optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"16","author":"Rogaczewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211028831","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography indicates subclinical retinal disease in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"28","author":"Aly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103470","article-title":"Sparser macula microvasculature in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder occurs independently of optic neuritis","volume":"58","author":"Lang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat Disord"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105857","article-title":"Macular vascular density alteration patterns in paediatric optic neuritis patients with serum mog antibody positivity detected by optic coherence tomography angiography","volume":"91","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat Disord"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90036-6","article-title":"Differentiation between multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder using optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"11","author":"Rogaczewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519845116","article-title":"Alterations in the retinal vasculature occur in multiple sclerosis and exhibit novel correlations with disability and visual function measures","volume":"26","author":"Murphy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.11.023","article-title":"Layer-specific anatomical and physiological features of the retina\u2019s neurovascular unit","volume":"35","author":"Grimes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13721","article-title":"Investigation of heterocellular features of the mouse retinal neurovascular unit by 3d electron microscopy","volume":"243","author":"Albargothy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anat."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.100997","article-title":"Choriocapillaris: fundamentals and advancements","volume":"87","author":"Lejoyeux","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Retin. Eye Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11482-4","article-title":"Retina thickness in clinically affected and unaffected eyes in patients with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"270","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-022720-094953","article-title":"Axon regeneration in the mammalian optic nerve","volume":"6","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Vis Sci"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa102","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: an immunopathological study","volume":"143","author":"Takai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00187-9","article-title":"Optic neuritis and autoimmune optic neuropathies: advances in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"22","author":"Bennett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102718","article-title":"Anti-mog associated disorder-clinical and radiological characteristics compared to aqp4-igg+ Nmosd-a single-center experience","volume":"48","author":"Rempe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat Disord"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2022.11.009","article-title":"Retinal ischemic cascade: new insights into the pathophysiology and imaging findings","volume":"68","author":"Abtahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01658107.2023.2172434","article-title":"Paracentral acute middle maculopathy associated with severe anti-mog (Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein)-positive optic neuritis","volume":"47","author":"Fernandes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroophthalmology"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.724946","article-title":"Superficial macula capillary complexity changes are associated with disability in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1029124","article-title":"Retinal structural and microvascular changes in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: an oct\/octa study","volume":"14","author":"Lang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1759144\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T09:14:12Z","timestamp":1773134052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1759144\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1759144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1759144","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"article-number":"1759144"}}