{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:56:48Z","timestamp":1787068608658,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Aeromonas veronii<\/jats:italic>\n                      remains a pervasive aquatic pathogen precipitating catastrophic economic depletion and threats to global food security. Conventional therapeutic modalities are constrained by inadequate stability, prohibitive costs, and biosafety risks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To address such challenges, an engineered\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus casei<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain was developed to constitutively express the\n                      <jats:italic>A. veronii<\/jats:italic>\n                      outer membrane protein OmpAI through a tandem promoter system to ensure optimized antigen delivery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anal intubation with engineered\n                      <jats:italic>L. casei<\/jats:italic>\n                      in\n                      <jats:italic>Channa argus<\/jats:italic>\n                      stimulated compartmentalized mucosal immunity, evidenced by a six-fold elevation in hindgut IgT transcripts, significant infiltration of IgT\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells, and pIgR mediated transcytosis, synchronized with systemic IgM activation. The probiotic treament accelerated pathogen clearance, improved survival rates to 42.9% compared to 12.5% in control group, and reorganized the commensal microbiome through a specific enrichment of beneficial\n                      <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study elucidated a novel engineered-probiotic mucosal vaccination strategy for teleosts, providing a noninvasive, mucosal targeted immunoprophylactic strategy to decrease antibiotic dependency in aquaculture.<\/jats:p>\n                  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