{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:49:20Z","timestamp":1791481760816,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in host immunity and overall health.\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    HDRsEf1 (Ef1), a novel potential probiotic, has been reported to enhance immune defense against pathogenic invasion; however, its effects on inflammation and gut microbiota remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Ef1 on host health, gut microbiota, and fecal metabolite profiles using DSS-induced colitis in mice and nursery pig models. In mice, Ef1 effectively mitigated growth retardation and organ damage caused by DSS-induced inflammation. In nursery pigs, Ef1 administration reduced markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, including IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and MDA, while increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the antioxidant enzyme SOD. Furthermore, Ef1 modulated gut microbiota composition, promoting beneficial genera such as\n                    <jats:italic>Ruminococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Acetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while suppressing potentially harmful genera like\n                    <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Metabolomic analysis revealed that Ef1 enriched anti-inflammatory metabolites in the gut. Collectively, these findings indicate that Ef1 can beneficially modulate gut microbiota and metabolite profiles, thereby enhancing host health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1760841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T04:45:39Z","timestamp":1776228339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 induces changes in gut microbiota and metabolites to maintain host health"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shuaifei","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural 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