{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T07:30:28Z","timestamp":1771399828929,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004963","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) are widely used in cardiac surgery but are limited by structural valve deterioration (SVD). The Translink study showed that immune responses to xenogeneic glycans contribute to SVD. Hyaluronan (HA), a glycosaminoglycan with size-dependent biological functions, has been implicated in inflammation, xenoreactivity, and valve calcification. This study investigated humoral immune responses to HA oligosaccharides in a subgroup of the Translink cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum samples from 258 BHV recipients and 78 cardiac surgery controls were analyzed by ELISA, and a representative subset was further profiled using a printed glycan array (PGA). BHV recipients were classified with clinically significant SVD (A), as\n                      <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                      implantation (B1), or long-term without SVD (B2). Controls included mechanical valve replacement or coronary artery bypass patients, either\n                      <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                      (B1C) or long-term post-surgery (B2C). ELISA quantified IgG and IgM antibodies against HA fragments of increasing length (HA2, HA24, HA84), while PGA mapped fine specificity across HA2\u2013HA40.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All subjects exhibited measurable baseline anti-HA IgG and IgM antibodies. ELISA revealed a fragment-length dependence, with the shortest fragment, HA2, showing the highest antibody binding, and progressively lower reactivity with longer oligomers. Following\n                      <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                      cardiac surgery, both BHV recipients and controls showed a transient increase in anti-HA antibodies, peaking at one month and declining within 6\u201312 months. In contrast, PGA consistently identified HA34 as the dominant immunogenic fragment across all cohorts and time points.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-HA antibodies are constitutively present in humans, undergo transient amplification after cardiac surgery, regardless of prosthesis type, and display marked fragment-length specificity. Short HA2 fragments predominate in ELISA responses, whereas intermediate-length oligomers, such as HA34, emerge as conserved, immunodominant targets in PGA. These findings extend the Translink paradigm from xenogeneic to matrix-derived glycan immunity and identify anti-HA antibodies as potential biomarkers of postoperative inflammation and tissue remodeling, which could be relevant to SVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1762676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T06:56:08Z","timestamp":1771397768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Humoral immune responses to hyaluronan oligosaccharides in patients undergoing prosthetic valve surgery"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bello-Gil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Olivera-Ardid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnau","family":"Blasco-Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Surgery Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Sbraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Surgery Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Gali\u00f1anes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery and Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), University Hospital Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Le Tourneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut du Thorax, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 1087 (UMR1087), University Hospital","place":["Nantes, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christian","family":"Roussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut du Thorax, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 1087 (UMR1087), University Hospital","place":["Nantes, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomaso","family":"Bottio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Padova","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Vadori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Immunology Unit, Padua University Hospital","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Cozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Immunology Unit, Padua University Hospital","place":["Padova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avantea","place":["Cremona, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vered","family":"Padler-Karavani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. 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