{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T06:02:42Z","timestamp":1774245762656,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Osteoarticular infections caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium fortuitum<\/jats:italic>\n                    are exceedingly rare and often result in delayed diagnosis due to nonspecific clinical manifestations. We report a case of septic arthritis of the hip in a 47-year-old man, in which\n                    <jats:italic>M. fortuitum<\/jats:italic>\n                    was identified from synovial fluid by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (99% identity to GenBank reference sequence CP011269.1). Upon definitive diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy was adjusted to intravenous azithromycin and levofloxacin combined with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Following clinical improvement, treatment was transitioned to oral azithromycin, levofloxacin, and TMP-SMX for 12 months. At the 18-month follow-up, the patient remained in complete remission without recurrence. This case highlights the critical role of 16S rRNA sequencing in diagnosing non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections and informs therapeutic strategies for similar rare infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1762789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T05:21:09Z","timestamp":1774243269000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mycobacterium fortuitum infection of the hip joint: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Baoding First Central Hospital","place":["Baoding, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Intractable Pathogens, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Baoding First Central Hospital","place":["Baoding, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shufang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Yongnian District","place":["Handan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Intractable Pathogens, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Intractable Pathogens, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuiying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiran","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weili","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Intractable Pathogens, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Intractable Pathogens, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Intractable Pathogens, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816728","volume-title":"Manual of clinical microbiology","author":"Versalovic","year":"2011"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0027-2016","article-title":"Rapidly growing mycobacteria","volume":"5","author":"Brown-Elliott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical analysis of osteoarticular nontuberculous mycobacterial infection","volume":"91","author":"Izawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kekkaku: [Tuberculosis]"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2025.10308","article-title":"Investigation of a Mycobacterium fortuitum prosthetic joint infection outbreak at two ambulatory surgery centers in Tennessee","author":"Godwin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infection control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2926-3","article-title":"Rapidly-growing mycobacterial infection: a recognized cause of early-onset prosthetic joint infection","volume":"17","author":"Jitmuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect diseases"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00303","article-title":"The rise of non-tuberculosis mycobacterial lung disease","volume":"11","author":"Ratnatunga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"B7","article-title":"What immunological defects predispose to the non-tuberculosis mycobacterial infections","volume":"17","author":"Mortaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0637-1","article-title":"Profiling non-tuberculous mycobacteria in an Asian setting: characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients in Singapore","volume":"18","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1062","article-title":"Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA clinical practice guideline","volume":"71","author":"Daley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00586-7","article-title":"Consensus management recommendations for less common non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary diseases","volume":"22","author":"Lange","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.16635","article-title":"A clinical case and a review of Mycobacterium fortuitum infections direct diagnosis approach and treatment in a patient with leg fractures","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05606-2","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacterial endophthalmitis: case series and review of literature","volume":"20","author":"Pinitpuwadol","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37796\/2211-8039.1021","article-title":"Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium abscessus infections in the foot and ankle in two immunocompetent patients","volume":"10","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMedicine"},{"key":"B14","article-title":"Chronic multifocal Mycobacterium fortuitum osteomyelitis following penetrating plantar trauma","volume":"41","author":"Cruz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr-2013-010326","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-010326","article-title":"Spinal osteomyelitis due toMycobacterium fortuitumin a former intravenous drug user","volume":"2013","author":"Longardner","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.5610","article-title":"Septic Arthritis Caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium abscessus in a Prosthetic Knee Joint: Case Report and Review of Literature","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Internal Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.66488","article-title":"Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium fortuitum infection following open fracture: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Kwan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2007.07.010","article-title":"Bilateral knee periprosthetic infection with Mycobacterium fortuitum","volume":"23","author":"Porat","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Arthroscopy."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0742-0","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium fortuitum osteomyelitis of the foot and septic arthritis of the ankle in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"21","author":"Lazzarini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200005000-00023","article-title":"Mycobacterium fortuitum osteomyelitis of the cuboid after nail puncture wound","volume":"19","author":"Miron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199304000-00007","article-title":"Mycobacterium fortuitum osteomyelitis following trauma","volume":"7","author":"Goodhart","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00388095","article-title":"Postoperative osteomyelitis due to mycobacterium fortuitum: A case report","volume":"111","author":"Hasegawa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/76.2.216","article-title":"Infection of bone by Mycobacterium fortuitum masquerading as Nocardia asteroides","volume":"76","author":"Staneck","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(74)80458-0","article-title":"Mycobacterium fortuitum osteomyelitis of the calcaneus secondary to a puncture wound","volume":"85","author":"Chang","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/59.4.574","article-title":"Osteomyelitis caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum: report of a case","volume":"59","author":"Slotnick","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36060","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000036060","article-title":"A case report of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection after muscle injection","volume":"102","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394220","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1394220","article-title":"Treatment for non-tuberculous mycobacteria: challenges and prospects","volume":"15","author":"Conyers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48270","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.48270","article-title":"Unveiling the clinical diversity in nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections: A comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Bhanushali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1762789\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T05:21:12Z","timestamp":1774243272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1762789\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1762789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1762789","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"article-number":"1762789"}}