{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T06:04:02Z","timestamp":1787205842043,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-CENP-B antibodies (anti-CENP-B), directed against centromere protein B, are a serological hallmark of limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc) but are only occasionally encountered in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). When detected in SLE they may create diagnostic ambiguity. Since autoantibody-defined SLE subsets exhibit distinct phenotypes, delineating the clinical and immunological features of anti-CENP-B-positive disease is essential for precise management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively collected demographic, clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data from 310 SLE patients including 73 anti-CENP-B-positive patients and 237 anti-CENP-B-negative patients. Inter-group differences, correlations, and multivariable logistic regression were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with the anti-CENP-B-negative patients, the anti-CENP-B-positive patients were older, less frequently had lupus nephritis (LN), but more often exhibited Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon, cardiac, or pleuropulmonary involvement. Serologically, they displayed lower anti-dsDNA, anti-nucleosome and anti-histone antibody levels, reduced C4, yet higher IgA, IgM, and IgG concentrations and expanded CD19\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B-cell numbers; accordingly, SLEDAI-2K scores and 24-h urinary protein (24h-UTP) were lower. C4 inversely correlated with disease activity indices and IgG in the positive group, whereas in the negative group it also correlated with B-cell counts and IgM levels. Multivariate logistic regression identified age, Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon, CD19\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B-cell count, and IgG level as factors independently associated with anti-CENP-B positivity. Compared with their anti-CENP-B\u2013negative patients, anti-CENP-B\u2013positive SLE patients displayed a markedly divergent therapeutic response.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-CENP-B positivity defines a distinct SLE subset characterized by older age at onset, milder renal involvement, Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon, and specific humoral alterations; importantly, these patients also show a treatment response that differs significantly from that of the anti-CENP-B-negative group, underscoring the imperative for personalized, precision therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1762899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T06:56:22Z","timestamp":1769064982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anti-CENP-B polarity divides SLE: divergent clinical-immune phenotypes and distinct treatment responses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhefeng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","place":["Changsha, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxing","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley","place":["Berkeley, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youhua","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lemei","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Itc81","DOI":"10.7326\/aitc202006020","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"172","author":"Kiriakidou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Internal Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05579-4","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory characteristics of early-onset and delayed-onset lupus nephritis patients: A single-center retrospective study","volume":"44","author":"Kosa\u0142ka-W\u0119giel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/bor.0000000000000922","article-title":"An update on autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"35","author":"G\u00f3mez-Ba\u00f1uelos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003608","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003608","article-title":"Associations between antinuclear antibody staining patterns and clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of a regional Swedish register","volume":"3","author":"Frodlund","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40930","article-title":"2019 European league against rheumatism\/American college of rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"71","author":"Aringer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/bm.2021.020502","article-title":"Assessment of antinuclear antibodies (Ana): national recommendations on behalf of the Croatian society of medical biochemistry and laboratory medicine","volume":"31","author":"Te\u0161ija Kuna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochemia Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21591","article-title":"American college of rheumatology classification criteria for sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: A data-driven, expert consensus approach in the sj\u00f6gren\u2019s international collaborative clinical alliance cohort","volume":"64","author":"Shiboski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928","article-title":"Updating the American college of rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"40","author":"Hochberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis rheumatism"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1390642","article-title":"Relationship between clinical manifestations and serological profile in patients affected by systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"15","author":"Nicola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.14.4979","article-title":"Analysis of anticentromere autoantibodies using cloned autoantigen cenp-B","volume":"84","author":"Earnshaw","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jmp2040024","article-title":"Clinical and molecular features of anti-cenp-B autoantibodies","volume":"2","author":"Prasad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mol Pathol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-022-08946-w","article-title":"Systemic sclerosis-specific antibodies: novel and classical biomarkers","volume":"64","author":"Cavazzana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22859","article-title":"Association of anticentromere antibodies with more severe exocrine glandular dysfunction in sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: analysis of the sj\u00f6gren\u2019s international collaborative clinical alliance cohort","volume":"68","author":"Baer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218881","article-title":"Anti-centromere antibodies target centromere-kinetochore macrocomplex: A comprehensive autoantigen profiling","volume":"80","author":"Kajio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann rheumatic Dis"},{"key":"B15","article-title":"Clinical significance of anticentromere antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"27","author":"Nakano","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B16","article-title":"Circulating anticentromere cenp-a and cenp-B antibodies in patients with diffuse and limited systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"27","author":"Russo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740600588376","article-title":"Anti-centromere antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"35","author":"Respaldiza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scandinavian J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0480-7","article-title":"New insights into the role of antinuclear antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"16","author":"Pisetsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34473","article-title":"Derivation and validation of the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"64","author":"Petri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis rheumatism"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.11.023","article-title":"Revision of the international society of nephrology\/renal pathology society classification for lupus nephritis: clarification of definitions, and modified national institutes of health activity and chronicity indices","volume":"93","author":"Bajema","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4486","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154486","article-title":"Comparison of clinical and laboratory characteristics in lupus nephritis vs. Non-lupus nephritis patients-a comprehensive retrospective analysis based on 921 patients","volume":"13","author":"Kosa\u0142ka-W\u0119giel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2478\/rir-2020-0009","article-title":"2020 Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol Immunol Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/rir-2025-0017","article-title":"2025 Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatol Immunol Res"},{"key":"B24","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000","volume":"29","author":"Gladman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102400","article-title":"Ana as an entry criterion for the classification of sle","volume":"18","author":"Pisetsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00398-2","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"403","author":"Hoi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2022-000732","article-title":"Autoantibodies associated with systemic sclerosis in three autoimmune diseases imprinted by type I interferon gene dysregulation: A comparison across sle, primary sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome and systemic sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Andraos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38098","article-title":"2013 Classification criteria for systemic sclerosis: an american college of rheumatology\/European league against rheumatism collaborative initiative","volume":"65","author":"van den Hoogen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis rheumatism"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3109\/08916930903374600","article-title":"Autoantibody-dependent and autoantibody-independent roles for B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: past, present, and future","volume":"43","author":"Jacob","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-022-00942-w","article-title":"Assessment of anti-nucleosome antibody (Anua) isotypes for the diagnosis and prediction of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis activity","volume":"23","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01667","article-title":"Anti-double stranded DNA antibodies: origin, pathogenicity, and targeted therapies","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(83)90123-x","article-title":"Serum iga1 and iga2 in normal adults and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and hepatic disease","volume":"26","author":"Conley","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Immunol immunopathol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.344","article-title":"A prospective study of protein excretion using short-interval timed urine collections in patients with lupus nephritis","volume":"76","author":"Fine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111644","article-title":"Serum from patients with sle instructs monocytes to promote igg and iga plasmablast differentiation","volume":"209","author":"Joo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2021.04.006","article-title":"B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: from disease mechanisms to targeted therapies","volume":"47","author":"Canny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-020-00978-5","article-title":"T cell abnormalities in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: an update","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102870","article-title":"Abnormalities of T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: new insights in pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies","volume":"132","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/bor.0000000000000815","article-title":"The role of cd8+ T-cell systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis: an update","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.176","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in the genomic era","volume":"6","author":"Deng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-021-00984-1","article-title":"A review of complement activation in sle","volume":"23","author":"Weinstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70156","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70156","article-title":"Changes of peripheral T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients","volume":"13","author":"Lao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immun Inflammation Dis"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19723\/j.issn.1671-167X.2023.06.021","article-title":"Clinical and immunological features of primary sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome patients with positive anti-centromere protein B antibody","volume":"55","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Beijing da xue xue bao Yi xue ban=Journal Peking Univ Health Sci"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.12684","article-title":"Anti-centromere antibody-positive sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: A distinct clinical subgroup","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J rheumatic Dis"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e006389","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006389","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors and associations of primary raynaud\u2019s phenomenon: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"5","author":"Garner","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.07.037","article-title":"Incidence and natural history of raynaud phenomenon: A long-term follow-up (14 years) of a random sample from the general population","volume":"44","author":"Carpentier","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2020.02.005","article-title":"Proteomics characterization of cenp-B epitope in moroccan scleroderma patients with anti-centromere autoantibodies","volume":"221","author":"Zian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-00092-2","article-title":"B cell depletion therapies in autoimmune disease: advances and mechanistic insights","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052225","article-title":"Understanding human autoimmunity and autoinflammation through transcriptomics","volume":"35","author":"Banchereau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073924","article-title":"Evolution of autoantibody responses via somatic hypermutation outside of germinal centers","volume":"297","author":"William","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34359","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with active proliferative lupus nephritis: the lupus nephritis assessment with rituximab study","volume":"64","author":"Rovin","year":"2012","journal-title":"2012\/8\/1"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224854","article-title":"Telitacicept in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a phase 2b, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"83","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"2009\/3\/1"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1506298","article-title":"Memory B cells and their transcriptomic profiles associated with belimumab resistance in systemic lupus erythematosus in the maintenance phase","volume":"16","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-020-01433-y","article-title":"Regulation of toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory response by microrna-152-3p-mediated demethylation of myd88 in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"70","author":"Tao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflammation Res"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1250","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1250","article-title":"Natural killer cells in inflammatory autoimmune diseases","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.598665","article-title":"Hla-drb1(*)04 as a risk allele to systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis in the malay population of Malaysia","volume":"7","author":"Selvaraja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1762899\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T07:44:58Z","timestamp":1771919098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1762899\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1762899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1762899","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"article-number":"1762899"}}