{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T16:26:26Z","timestamp":1784132786066,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disease. Despite advances in current therapies, safer, more effective drugs are urgently needed. Traditional Chinese herbal formula Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) has been used for gastrointestinal disorders, including UC, though its exact mechanisms require further clarification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to systematically evaluate the therapeutic effects of GQD in UC mice, focusing on serum metabolomics, gut microbiota, and immunomodulatory mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of UC was established. Serum metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of GQD\u2019s effects on metabolites and gut microbiota. Correlation analysis and network pharmacology identified potential targets and pathways of GQD. Immunofluorescence detected the expression of \u03b3\u03b4T cells, TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, and IL-17 proteins in the colonic tissue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS, 71 compounds were identified in the GQD quality control analysis. GQD markedly attenuated colonic histopathological damage and suppressed serum pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-\u03b3, IL-17, and TNF-\u03b1. It also modulated key serum metabolites, including succinic acid, glyoxylate, and xanthine, which are primarily involved in amino acid and purine metabolic pathways. GQD further influenced intestinal microbial diversity and composition. Joint analysis revealed GQD modulates gut microbiota, serum amino acid and purine metabolism, and inflammation pathways. Immunohistochemical results demonstrated enhanced infiltration of \u03b3\u03b4T cells following GQD treatment, accompanied by reduced protein expression levels of TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, and IL-17.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GQD exerts therapeutic effects on UC by reshaping gut microbiota composition and metabolic activities, thereby ameliorating intestinal mucosal injury, regulating \u03b3\u03b4T cell-mediated immune responses, and influencing amino acid and purine metabolic pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1765637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T05:24:48Z","timestamp":1775107488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gegen Qinlian decoction alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice through coordinated modulation of gut microbiota, serum metabolome, and colonic \u03b3\u03b4T cell responses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enhui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanfang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Guilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangliang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Innovative Preparations for Natural Medicine, Guangxi Wuzhou Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., Ltd","place":["Wuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghua","family":"Xian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, First School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingfei","family":"Xian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-019-00751-6","article-title":"Resolution of ulcerative colitis","volume":"41","author":"Neurath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115652","article-title":"Dahuang mudan decoction repairs intestinal barrier in chronic colitic mice by regulating the function of ILC3","volume":"299","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115356","article-title":"Study on the mechanism of Huangqin decoction on rats with ulcerative colitis of damp-heat type base on mtDNA, TLR4, p-PI3K, p-Akt protein expression and microbiota","volume":"295","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118645","article-title":"Fuzi lizhong pills alter microbial community compositions and metabolite profiles in ulcerative colitis rat with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome","volume":"335","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.147015","article-title":"Sporoderm-broken of Ganoderma lucidum spore polysaccharides alleviate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon inflammation in mice by regulating Th17\/Treg homeostasis and restore gut microbiota balance","volume":"323","author":"Qiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2018.04.556","article-title":"The increasing global incidence of ulcerative colitis; implications for the economic burden of ulcerative colitis","volume":"21","author":"Richardson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9985147","article-title":"Effect of Shenling Baizhu San on intestinal flora in a rat model of ulcerative colitis with spleen deficiency and dampness","volume":"2022","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life15091412","article-title":"Microbiota and gut inflammatory markers (Zonulin and fecal calprotectin) exhibit age-dependent variation in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"15","author":"Merino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1479421","article-title":"Interactions between NAD+ metabolism and immune cell infiltration in ulcerative colitis: subtype identification and development of novel diagnostic models","volume":"16","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1610435","article-title":"Immune dysregulation in ulcerative colitis: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16091085","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic factors in ulcerative colitis: a narrative literature review","volume":"16","author":"Caba","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac247.081","article-title":"Multiple environmental and social determinants of health factors were not associated with the gastrointestinal symptomatic burden of ulcerative colitis with mucosal healing","volume":"29","author":"Tse","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.08.026","article-title":"Update on the epidemiology and management of microscopic colitis","volume":"23","author":"Peery","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054602","article-title":"Update on the pathogenesis of the Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071498","article-title":"Diet in the pathogenesis and management of ulcerative colitis; a review of randomized controlled dietary interventions","volume":"11","author":"Keshteli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-023-00775-z","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian decoction treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia by targeting circadian immune function","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/FSHW.2022.9250189","article-title":"Puerariae radix protects against ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"13","author":"Ga","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci Hum Wellness"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105514","article-title":"Radix pueraria lobata polysaccharide relieved DSS-induced ulcerative colitis through modulating PI3K signaling","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156048","article-title":"Puerarin ameliorates colitis by direct suppression of macrophage M1 polarization in DSS mice","volume":"135","author":"Tao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118680","article-title":"Coptisine alleviates colitis through modulating gut microbiota and inhibiting TXNIP\/NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"335","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.849518","article-title":"Exploration of the mechanism of the control of coccidiosis in chickens based on network pharmacology and molecular docking with the addition of modified Gegen Qinlian decoction","volume":"9","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1ra07385k","article-title":"Structural characterization, anti-inflammatory and glycosidase inhibitory activities of two new polysaccharides from the root of Pueraria lobata","volume":"11","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116538","article-title":"Modified Gegen Qinlian decoction ameliorated ulcerative colitis by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress and enhancing intestinal barrier function in vivo and in vitro","volume":"313","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115919","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian decoction activates AhR\/IL-22 to repair intestinal barrier by modulating gut microbiota-related tryptophan metabolism in ulcerative colitis mice","volume":"302","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5217405","article-title":"Based on network pharmacology to explore the molecular targets and mechanisms of Gegen Qinlian decoction for the treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"2020","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153519","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian decoction relieved DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by modulating Th17\/Treg cell homeostasis via suppressing IL-6\/JAK2\/STAT3 signaling","volume":"84","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2022.115138","article-title":"Madecassic acid alleviates colitis-associated colorectal cancer by blocking the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells via the inhibition of IL-17 expression in \u03b3\u03b4T17 cells","volume":"202","author":"Yun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3488","article-title":"Itch inhibits IL-17-mediated colon inflammation and tumorigenesis by ROR-\u03b3t ubiquitination","volume":"17","author":"Kathania","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00530","article-title":"Intratracheal ovalbumin administration induces colitis through the IFN-\u03b3 pathway in mice","volume":"10","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2022.03.015","article-title":"Berberine inhibits IFN-\u03b3 signaling pathway in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.145602","article-title":"An acidic polysaccharide from lycium barbarum L: isolation, purification, structural characterization, and therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis","volume":"319","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.142852","article-title":"Study on the ameliorative effect of marine fungus hansfordia sinuosae extracellular polysaccharide on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and depression-like behavior","volume":"309","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124489","article-title":"Mannose-modified prunus persica kernel protein nanoparticles loading baicalin coated with lycium barbarum polysaccharide for ulcerative colitis treatment","volume":"371","author":"Tao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157569","article-title":"Single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomics elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosidium in ulcerative colitis","volume":"150","author":"Shu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpta.2025.100931","article-title":"Protective bioactivity of Ziziphus jujuba dates polysaccharide on colitis via improving the intestinal barrier and modifying the gut microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym Technol Appl"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155730","article-title":"Narirutin mitigates dextrose sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice by modulating intestinal flora","volume":"130","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomed Int J Phytother Phytopharm"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1284","article-title":"Relating protein pharmacology by ligand chemistry","volume":"25","author":"Keiser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.117956","article-title":"Gegen Qinlian decoction ameliorates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating Th2\/Th1 and Tregs\/Th17 cells balance, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reshaping gut microbiota","volume":"328","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848241273066","article-title":"Raising the bar in ulcerative colitis management","volume":"17","author":"Fanizzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3661","article-title":"Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Neurath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01008-6","article-title":"Strategies for targeting cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"24","author":"Neurath","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215734","article-title":"Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"369","author":"Feagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxu051","article-title":"Pleiotropic functions of TNF-\u03b1 in the regulation of the intestinal epithelial response to inflammation","volume":"26","author":"Leppkes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200109)44:9%3C2176::aid-art371%3E3.0.co;2-4","article-title":"Interleukin-17 enhances tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced synthesis of interleukins 1,6, and 8 in skin and synovial fibroblasts: a possible role as a \u201cfine-tuning cytokine\u201d in inflammation processes","volume":"44","author":"Katz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI124884","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3 drives inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis through VE-cadherin\u2013directed vascular barrier disruption","volume":"129","author":"Langer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12100997","article-title":"Discovery and validation of potential serum biomarkers with pro-inflammatory and DNA damage activities in ulcerative colitis: a comprehensive untargeted metabolomic study","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1509114","article-title":"Patchoulene epoxide mitigates colitis and hepatic damage induced by dextran sulfate sodium by regulating the colonic microbiota and purine metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1630310","article-title":"Succinate metabolism: underlying biological mechanisms and emerging therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"16","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6983","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62217-8","article-title":"Metabolomics and proteomics reveal blocking argininosuccinate synthetase 1 alleviates colitis in mice","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0200-2","article-title":"Intestinal proteomic analysis of a novel non-human primate model of experimental colitis reveals signatures of mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"McQueen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S313374","article-title":"Systematic metabolic profiling of mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis","volume":"14","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Inflammation Res"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10081926","article-title":"The molecular aspect of nephrolithiasis development","volume":"10","author":"Wigner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00966-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"402","author":"Le Berre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.953962","article-title":"Composition and diverse differences of intestinal microbiota in ulcerative colitis patients","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1015890","article-title":"Overrepresentation of Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli is the major gut microbiome signature in Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis; a comprehensive metagenomic analysis of IBDMDB datasets","volume":"12","author":"Khorsand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.22860","article-title":"Alterations in the gut microbiome of children with severe ulcerative colitis","volume":"18","author":"Michail","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01819-8","article-title":"Dietary ellagic acid therapy for CNS autoimmunity: Targeting on Alloprevotella rava and propionate metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122905","article-title":"Polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum, yam, and sunflower ameliorate colitis in a structure and intrinsic flora-dependent manner","volume":"349","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.153927","article-title":"Effect of Coptis chinensis franch and Magnolia officinalis on intestinal flora and intestinal barrier in a TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis rats model","volume":"97","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomed Int J Phytother Phytopharm"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000440613.83703.4a","article-title":"Decoding norovirus infection in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Chamaillard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflammation Bowel Dis"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu3100858","article-title":"Regulation of inflammation by short chain fatty acids","volume":"3","author":"Vinolo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12081632","article-title":"Smilax China L. polysaccharide alleviates dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis and modulates the gut microbiota in mice","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4892-4","article-title":"Old and new lymphocyte players in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"63","author":"Giuffrida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adh0301","article-title":"Conserved \u03b3\u03b4 T cell selection by BTNL proteins limits progression of human inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"381","author":"Dart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70273","article-title":"Similarities and differences in the immune characteristics of intestinal gamma delta T cells from patients with Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis and their correlation with disease activity","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immun Inflammation Dis"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157772","article-title":"Association of \u03b3\u03b4 T cell compartment size to disease activity and response to therapy in SLE","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/346274a0","article-title":"Mast cells as a source of both preformed and immunologically inducible TNF-alpha\/cachectin","volume":"346","author":"Gordon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1067\/mlc.2003.1","article-title":"Expansion of gammadelta T-cells in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: role of disease activity and microbial flora in oral ulcers","volume":"141","author":"Bank","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104136","article-title":"Dynamic trafficking patterns of IL-17-producing \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are linked to the recurrence of skin inflammation in psoriasis-like dermatitis","volume":"82","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2017.01.005","article-title":"Impairment of peripheral Vdelta2 T cells in human cystic echinococcosis","volume":"174","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1670\u20136","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae973","article-title":"Generic Diagramming Platform (GDP): a comprehensive database of high-quality biomedical graphics","volume":"53","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1765637\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T12:19:51Z","timestamp":1781007591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1765637\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1765637"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1765637","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"article-number":"1765637"}}