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Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease (SjD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by dry mouth (xerostomia) and dry eyes (xerophthalmia) due to inflammation in exocrine glands, particularly the salivary and lacrimal glands. The condition presents a wide variety of clinical features, suggesting that it may involve heterogeneous conditions without a clear boundary. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic variants associated with SjD, their roles in SjD pathogenesis remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we aimed to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SjD by categorizing patients based on four diagnostic markers: anti-Ro\/SSA and anti-La\/SSB antibodies, IgG levels, and lymphocyte foci, using a genotype-phenotype dataset (NCBI dbGaP phs000672.v1.p1) which included 594 SjD patients, 1,264 sicca symptomatic individuals without SjD diagnosis (as a control group), and 41 healthy individuals (as another control group) .<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified SNPs associated with each subtype of SjD, organized by two factors of diagnostic markers, X (anti-SSA and\/or anti-SSB autoantibody) and Y (IgG or lymphocyte foci), with an adjusted p-value less than 5x10\n                      <jats:sup>-8<\/jats:sup>\n                      . The SjD subtypes were classified as follows: Group A (Factors X+ and Y+), Group B (X+ and Y-), Group C (X- and Y+), and Group D (X- and Y-). We found distinct SNPs associated with each group of SjD patients. This study can help advance the SjD subtype investigation, supporting precision diagnosis and treatment of SjD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1766685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:33:24Z","timestamp":1777872804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic variants associated with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease subtypes stratified by clinical feature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nitesh","family":"Enduru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","place":["Houston, TX, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health","place":["Houston, TX, United 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