{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T10:36:47Z","timestamp":1773225407144,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HSV-2 glycoproteins C, D, and E (gC2\/gD2\/gE2) are immunogens included in an experimental HSV-2 vaccine. We evaluated whether these antigens serve as targets for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We transiently transfected HEK cells with gC2\/gD2\/gE2 DNA, added HSV-2 seropositive human convalescent sera (HCS), and measured surface CD107a expression on human NK cells by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We demonstrated that antibodies to gC2\/gD2\/gE2 mediate ADCC. HSV-2 gE and gI form a complex that binds IgG Fc. We next determined whether gE2\/gI2 inhibits ADCC, a crucial function mediated by the IgG Fc, by comparing ADCC titers when HCS were added to cells transfected with gD2, gI2, and a gE2 mutant (gE2\n                      <jats:sub>MUT<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) unable to bind IgG Fc or gD2, gI2, and gE2 wild-type (gE2\n                      <jats:sub>WT<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). ADCC titers increased by 6.5-fold when cells were transfected with the gE2\n                      <jats:sub>MUT<\/jats:sub>\n                      versus gE2\n                      <jats:sub>WT<\/jats:sub>\n                      (P=0.01). We then spiked HCS with a gE2 mAb that blocks IgG Fc binding, or with a gE2 mAb that does not block IgG Fc binding. The blocking mAb significantly increased titers (P&amp;lt;0.0001), whereas a non-blocking gE2 mAb had no effect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conclude that antibodies to gC2\/gD2\/gE2 are targets of ADCC, that gE2\/gI2 inhibits ADCC, and that an mAb that targets the gE2 IgG Fc binding domain can prevent this inhibition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1766722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T07:18:28Z","timestamp":1772522308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HSV-2 gE2\/gI2 are immune evasion molecules that bind IgG Fc to inhibit antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Tebaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, PA, United States"]},{"name":"RNA Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, PA, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin P.","family":"Egan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, PA, United States"]},{"name":"RNA Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, PA, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Hook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, PA, United States"]},{"name":"RNA Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, PA, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina M.","family":"Cairns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, PA, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Bergstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg","place":["Gothenburg, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerry S.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health","place":["Philadelphia, PA, United 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