{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:55:16Z","timestamp":1781762116058,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Acupuncture and moxibustion are evidence - based modalities derived from traditional Chinese medicine. They employ strategic needle insertion or moxa - derived thermal stimulation at specific acupoints to ameliorate pathological conditions. Robust clinical data have validated their efficacy in mitigating gastrointestinal dysfunction, chemotherapy - induced neuropathy, cancer - related fatigue, and radiation - induced xerostomia. Crucially, within immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME), these interventions exert direct antitumor effects through multimodal immunomodulation (1): Potentiation of innate immunity via enhanced cytotoxicity of\n                    <jats:italic>natural killer (NK) cells<\/jats:italic>\n                    , polarization of\n                    <jats:italic>macrophages<\/jats:italic>\n                    toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype, regulation of microglial function, and modulation of\n                    <jats:italic>mast cell (MC)<\/jats:italic>\n                    degranulation; (2) Reprogramming of adaptive immunity through restoration of the\n                    <jats:italic>T helper 1 (Th1)\/T helper 2 (Th2)<\/jats:italic>\n                    balance and activation of cluster of differentiation 8 - positive\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      (CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) T cells\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ; (3) Remodeling of the TME by attenuating immunosuppressive networks (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>regulatory T cells ((Tregs)<\/jats:italic>\n                    , myeloid - derived suppressor cells ((\n                    <jats:italic>MDSCs<\/jats:italic>\n                    )) while enhancing effector cell infiltration. This review synthesizes mechanistic advances that demonstrate how acupuncture and moxibustion rebalance antitumor immunosurveillance, thereby positioning them as promising adjuvant modalities in integrative oncology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1772199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:36:18Z","timestamp":1781760978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antitumor effects of acupuncture and moxibustion: from immune modulation to tumor microenvironment remodeling"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yinan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, (Qingdao Central Hospital)","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, (Qingdao Central Hospital)","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benxu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, (Qingdao Central Hospital)","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, (Qingdao Central Hospital)","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.cir-22-0952","article-title":"Cancer immunology research: A decade of illumination and innovation","volume":"11","author":"Schreiber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01828-7","article-title":"The aged tumor microenvironment limits T cell control of cancer","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat 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