{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T06:44:35Z","timestamp":1776062675041,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Parasitic infections are increasingly recognized as potential triggers of autoimmunity and vasculitis, though evidence remains limited.\n                      <jats:italic>Toxocara canis (T.canis)<\/jats:italic>\n                      , one of the most prevalent helminthic infections worldwide, has been sporadically linked to autoimmune phenomena through mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, immune complex formation, and chronic inflammation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case report and literature review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We describe a 45-year-old woman who developed histologically confirmed small-vessel vasculitis of the intestine with perforation, accompanied by cutaneous vasculitis, arthralgia, pruritus, eosinophilia, and elevated IgE and seropositivity for\n                      <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Surgical resection with ileostomy led to spontaneous clinical remission without the need for immunosuppressive therapy. Immunologic evaluation revealed two coexisting organ-specific autoimmune diseases not typically associated with vasculitis: autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto\u2019s) and autoimmune cholangitis. We reviewed the available literature on\n                      <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      -associated autoimmunity and vasculitis, summarizing clinical presentations and patient outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our report of histopathologically confirmed cases of small-vessel intestinal vasculitis associated with\n                      <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , leading to bowel perforation and remission without immunosuppression suggests that\n                      <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection may represent an underrecognized trigger of autoimmunity and vasculitis. This case, together with a comprehensive review of the literature, indicates that\n                      <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection should be considered in patients presenting with eosinophilia and elevated IgE, especially when accompanied by systemic or vasculitic manifestations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1772680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T05:45:55Z","timestamp":1776059155000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Toxocariasis as a rare trigger of vasculitis: a case-based review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Radovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Allergy and Immunology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia","place":["Belgrade, 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Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milos","family":"Todorovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Allergy and Immunology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia","place":["Belgrade, Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irena Ostric","family":"Pavlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Allergy and Immunology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia","place":["Belgrade, Serbia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade","place":["Belgrade, Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uros","family":"Karic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade","place":["Belgrade, Serbia"]},{"name":"Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia","place":["Belgrade, Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dragan","family":"Popovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade","place":["Belgrade, Serbia"]},{"name":"Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia","place":["Belgrade, Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marijan","family":"Micev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BeoLab Plus Medical Polyclinic","place":["Belgrade, Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Snezana","family":"Arandjelovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Allergy and Immunology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia","place":["Belgrade, Serbia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade","place":["Belgrade, 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