{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T08:31:26Z","timestamp":1785141086918,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010434","name":"'la Caixa' Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) is a transmembrane protein widely expressed in mucosal epithelial cells that is involved in the transcytosis of the polymeric immunoglobulins IgA and IgM. Recent findings revealed increased plasma PIGR levels in subjects with subclinical atherosclerosis, although its function remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the role of PIGR in atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed PIGR levels in human atherosclerotic plaques compared to healthy aortic samples, as well as in the serum of subjects with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and controls. Next, we studied the effect of germline\n                      <jats:italic>Pigr<\/jats:italic>\n                      deficiency in experimental atherosclerosis (\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        Ldlr\n                        <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                        \/Pigr\n                        <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      mice fed a western-diet for 10 weeks). Circulating IgA and IgM levels, as well as B and T cell numbers in spleen and Peyer\u2019s patches (PP), were analyzed by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PIGR levels were increased in the intima of early human atherosclerotic lesions and in patients with PAD, compared to controls.\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        Ldlr\n                        <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                        \/Pigr\n                        <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      mice showed elevated serum IgA and IgM levels, along with an increased number of germinal center B cells in both the spleen and PP. Moreover,\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        Ldlr\n                        <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                        \/Pigr\n                        <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      mice displayed a significantly reduced plaque size in the aortic sinus and a strong decrease in foam cells (CD68\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), while no changes were observed in contractile smooth muscle cells (\u03b1-actin\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and collagen content compared to control\n                      <jats:italic>Ldlr<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Global\n                      <jats:italic>Pigr<\/jats:italic>\n                      deficiency decreases atherosclerosis, suggesting that PIGR blockade may have beneficial effects in vascular pathologies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1774396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T04:22:00Z","timestamp":1776918120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor deficiency attenuates experimental atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Cerro-Pardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez-D\u00edaz- Aut\u00f3noma University of Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Picatoste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez-D\u00edaz- Aut\u00f3noma University of Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Raposo-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B-cell Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Martos-Folgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B-cell Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"M\u00e1rquez-G\u00e1lvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez-D\u00edaz- Aut\u00f3noma University of Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez-D\u00edaz- Aut\u00f3noma University of Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Ortega-Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez-D\u00edaz- Aut\u00f3noma University of Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia M.","family":"Mur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B-cell Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u00f1aki","family":"Robles-Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiology Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan Carles","family":"Escol\u00e0-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathophysiology of Lipid-Related Disease Lab, Institut de Recerca (IIB) Sant Pau","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas (CIBERDEM)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sancho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiology Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes","family":"Lindholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Elite Research Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark","place":["Odense, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Miguel","family":"Blanco-Colio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez-D\u00edaz- Aut\u00f3noma University of Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almudena R.","family":"Ramiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B-cell Lab, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Mart\u00edn-Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez-D\u00edaz- Aut\u00f3noma University of Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2022.100371","article-title":"There is urgent need to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk earlier, more intensively, and with greater precision: a review of current practice and recommendations for improved effectiveness","volume":"12","author":"Makover","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa211","article-title":"Inflammation and cardiovascular diseases: lessons from seminal clinical trials","volume":"117","author":"Liberale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1485801","article-title":"Atherosclerosis: from lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory therapies to targeting arterial retention of ApoB-containing lipoproteins","volume":"16","author":"Araujo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.04.004","article-title":"Atherosclerosis: recent developments","volume":"185","author":"Bj\u00f6rkegren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00584-1","article-title":"How the immune system shapes atherosclerosis: roles of innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"22","author":"Roy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0352-5","article-title":"T cell subsets and functions in atherosclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Saigusa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.301145","article-title":"B cells and humoral immunity in atherosclerosis","volume":"114","author":"Tsiantoulas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2021.01.006","article-title":"B cells in atherosclerosis: mechanisms and potential clinical applications","volume":"6","author":"Pattarabanjird","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Basic to Trans Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00387","article-title":"Artery tertiary lymphoid organs: Powerhouses of atherosclerosis immunity","volume":"7","author":"Yin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-025-00639-9","article-title":"Single-cell spatial transcriptomics of tertiary lymphoid organ-like structures in human atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"4","author":"Lai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0106-9","article-title":"The role of B cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Sage","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-120419-022408","article-title":"Germinal centers","volume":"40","author":"Victora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.248542","article-title":"B1a B lymphocytes are atheroprotective by secreting natural IgM that increases IgM deposits and reduces necrotic cores in atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"109","author":"Kyaw","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.117.310678","article-title":"Follicular B cells promote atherosclerosis via T cell-mediated differentiation into plasma cells and secreting pathogenic immunoglobulin G","volume":"38","author":"Tay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH14-12-1084","article-title":"B regulatory cells are increased in hypercholesterolaemic mice and protect from lesion development via IL-10","volume":"114","author":"Strom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4315","article-title":"Marginal zone B cells control the response of follicular helper T cells to a high-cholesterol diet","volume":"23","author":"Nus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111468","article-title":"MDA-LDL vaccination induces athero-protective germinal-center-derived antibody responses","volume":"41","author":"Martos-Folgado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae027","article-title":"Marginal zone B cells produce \u201cnatural\u201d atheroprotective IgM antibodies in a T cell-dependent manner","volume":"120","author":"Harrison","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-023-00376-x","article-title":"Atherosclerosis antigens as targets for immunotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Raposo-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12980","article-title":"Fantastic IgA plasma cells and where to find them","volume":"303","author":"Isho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab285","article-title":"Humoral immunity in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: from B cells to antibodies","volume":"117","author":"Porsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2322","article-title":"The regulation of IgA class switching","volume":"8","author":"Cerutti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.37","article-title":"Regulation of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and IgA transport: new advances in environmental factors that stimulate pIgR expression and its role in mucosal immunity","volume":"4","author":"Johansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7107-3_2","article-title":"Immunoglobulin A: molecular mechanisms of function and role in immune defence","volume-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms of antibody activity","author":"Woof","year":"2013"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08820131003622809","article-title":"Regulation of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor in intestinal epithelial cells by Enterobacteriaceae: implications for mucosal homeostasis","volume":"39","author":"Bruno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol Invest"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-023-05335-4","article-title":"Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in cancer","volume":"149","author":"Chae","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.05.021","article-title":"Intestinal permeability and IgA provoke immune vasculitis linked to cardiovascular inflammation","volume":"51","author":"Noval Rivas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06758-y","article-title":"Immunoglobulin A\/PIGR axis as potential mediators of human abdominal aortic aneurysms revealed by topologically resolved proteomics","volume":"23","author":"Cerro-Pardo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J\u00a0Transl Med"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.08.007","article-title":"Antibodies and complement are key drivers of thrombosis","volume":"57","author":"Stark","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1471-4906(02)00031-5","article-title":"Novel functions of the polymeric Ig receptor: well beyond transport of immunoglobulins","volume":"24","author":"Phalipon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.5.2816","article-title":"IL-8 released constitutively by primary bronchial epithelial cells in culture forms an inactive complex with secretory component","volume":"167","author":"Marshall","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md: 1950)"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161668","article-title":"pIgR and PECAM-1 bind to pneumococcal adhesins RrgA and PspC mediating bacterial brain invasion","volume":"214","author":"Iovino","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11240","article-title":"Airway bacteria drive a progressive COPD-like phenotype in mice with polymeric immunoglobulin receptor deficiency","volume":"7","author":"Richmond","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05589-3","article-title":"Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor deficiency exacerbates autoimmune hepatitis by inducing intestinal dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105344","article-title":"Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor promotes Th2 immune response in the liver by increasing cholangiocytes derived IL-33: a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker of biliary atresia","volume":"108","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103874","article-title":"Unbiased plasma proteomics discovery of biomarkers for improved detection of subclinical atherosclerosis","volume":"76","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.02.058","article-title":"Complement C5 protein as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis","volume":"75","author":"Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9825","article-title":"Baseline prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm, peripheral arterial disease and hypertension in men aged 65\u201374 years from a population screening study (VIVA trial)","volume":"102","author":"Gr\u00f8ndal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526\/a000834","article-title":"ESVM Guideline on peripheral arterial disease","volume":"48","author":"Frank","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vasa"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00278.x","article-title":"The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor: bridging innate and adaptive immune responses at mucosal surfaces","volume":"206","author":"Kaetzel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302918","article-title":"Protein biomarkers of new-onset cardiovascular disease: Prospective study from the systems approach to biomarker research in cardiovascular disease initiative","volume":"34","author":"Yin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021803","article-title":"Aptamer-based proteomic profiling reveals novel candidate biomarkers and pathways in cardiovascular disease","volume":"134","author":"Ngo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.038887","article-title":"Targeted plasma proteomics to predict the development of carotid plaques","volume":"53","author":"Baragetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.008","article-title":"Machine learning integration of circulating and imaging biomarkers for explainable patient-specific prediction of cardiac events: A prospective study","volume":"318","author":"Tamarappoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(88)90204-3","article-title":"Association of serum IgA and C4 with severe atherosclerosis","volume":"74","author":"Muscari","year":"1988","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.13.1434","article-title":"Prediction of myocardial infarction in dyslipidemic men by elevated levels of immunoglobulin classes A, E, and G, but not M","volume":"158","author":"Kovanen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.7.915","article-title":"Absence of epithelial immunoglobulin A transport, with increased mucosal leakiness, in polymeric immunoglobulin receptor\/secretory component-deficient mice","volume":"190","author":"Johansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.10.5367","article-title":"Generation of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor-deficient mouse with marked reduction of secretory IgA","volume":"163","author":"Shimada","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md: 1950)"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830150906","article-title":"Hepatobiliary transport of plasma IgA in the mouse: contribution to clearance of intravascular IgA","volume":"15","author":"Delacroix","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.695220","article-title":"Auto-antibody production during experimental atherosclerosis in ApoE-\/- mice","volume":"12","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.124.319843","article-title":"Role of antibodies and their specificities in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"44","author":"Deroissart","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2993-2","article-title":"ALDH4A1 is an atherosclerosis auto-antigen targeted by protective antibodies","volume":"589","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010988","article-title":"Control of the T follicular helper-germinal center B-cell axis by CD8+ regulatory T cells limits atherosclerosis and tertiary lymphoid organ development","volume":"131","author":"Clement","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-022-00155-0","article-title":"GPR55 in B cells limits atherosclerosis development and regulates plasma cell maturation","volume":"1","author":"Guillamat-Prats","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14789\/jmj.JMJ23-0003-OA","article-title":"Fc\u03b1 receptor type I and its association with atherosclerosis development","volume":"69","author":"Desaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Juntendo Med J"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2976-8","article-title":"The inflammatory function of human IgA","volume":"76","author":"Hansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci.: CMLS"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.537878","article-title":"Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease","volume":"111","author":"Libby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1624014","article-title":"Plasma polymeric immunoglobulin receptor exacerbates lung injury in Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumosepsis","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.005","article-title":"Patient pIgR-enriched extracellular vesicles drive cancer stemness, tumorigenesis and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"76","author":"Tey","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.320263","article-title":"Animal models of atherosclerosis-supportive notes and tricks of the trade","volume":"130","author":"Gister\u00e5","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1774396\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T04:22:01Z","timestamp":1776918121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1774396\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1774396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1774396","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"article-number":"1774396"}}