{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T08:57:04Z","timestamp":1774342624308,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization in guinea pigs induces a distinct phenotype of allergic responses, among which the asthma model is the most extensively studied. A functionally opposite phenotype is the non-responder (NR), which, despite exhibiting high levels of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, does not develop airway obstruction or hyperresponsiveness after chronic antigen challenge. This phenotype differs from the asthma model by high expression of the laminin isoform (LN) \u03b22 in pulmonary smooth muscles. However, it remains unknown whether OVA sensitization induces changes in the expression of other LNs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare LN expression in guinea pigs with allergic asthma and NR phenotypes and correlate these patterns with distinct pathophysiological responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Guinea pigs were sensitized and challenged with OVA and divided into two groups (asthma model and NR,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 6 per group) according to their response. A control group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 6) was sensitized and challenged with saline. After 12 antigen challenges at 10-day intervals, differential cell counts were performed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. LN expression in airway smooth muscle (ASM) and intrapulmonary vascular smooth muscle (IVSM) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. LN presence in BAL fluid and serum was determined by ELISA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LN \u03b11 and LN \u03b12 expression increased in ASM and IVSM in the asthma model. In contrast, LN \u03b23 increased in ASM and IVSM of NR. LN \u03b31 increased in IVSM of both phenotypes, whereas LN \u03b32 remained unchanged. ASM expression of LN \u03b11 and LN \u03b12 correlated with antigen-induced airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness. Serum LN \u03b11 increased in the asthma model, whereas LN \u03b22 was elevated in NR and, to a lesser extent, in asthma. LN \u03b23 levels increased in serum and BAL in both phenotypes and correlated with inflammatory cell counts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Soluble serum LNs may serve as markers to differentiate antigen-induced phenotypes. LN \u03b11 and LN \u03b12 may contribute to ASM contraction, while LN \u03b23 appears to play a role in antigen-induced airway inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1774996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:24:45Z","timestamp":1774329885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analyzing soluble and lung smooth muscle laminin isoform expression in guinea pigs exhibiting various allergic response phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ivonne","family":"Pacheco-Alba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas","place":["Mexico City, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Flores-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas","place":["Mexico City, Mexico"]},{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud","place":["Mexico City, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Baz\u00e1n-Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas","place":["Mexico City, Mexico"]},{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud","place":["Mexico City, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2019.1628251","article-title":"Small airway inflammation is associated with residual airway hyperresponsiveness in Th2-highasthma","volume":"57","author":"Asano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12030333","article-title":"Asthma with fixed airflow obstruction: From fixed to personalized approach","volume":"12","author":"Bakakos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.05.052","article-title":"Therapeutic approaches to asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndromes","volume":"136","author":"Barnes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15445","article-title":"A pathogenic integrated view explaining the different endotypes of asthma and allergic disorders","volume":"77","author":"Maggi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2112097","article-title":"Asymptomatic worsening of airway inflammation during low-dose allergen exposure in asthma: protection by inhaled steroids","volume":"166","author":"de Kluijver","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2019.100056","article-title":"Asymptomatic toddlers with house dust mite sensitization at risk of asthma and abnormal lung functions at age 7 years","volume":"12","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22030998","article-title":"Reticular basement membrane thickness is associated with growth- and fibrosis-promoting airway transcriptome profile-study in asthma patients","volume":"22","author":"Bazan-Socha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216042","article-title":"Bronchial asthma, airway remodeling and lung fibrosis as successive steps of one process","volume":"24","author":"Savin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02773.x","article-title":"Extracellular matrix in airway smooth muscle is associated with dynamics of airway function in asthma","volume":"67","author":"Yick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01501-9","article-title":"Cellular mechanotransduction in health and diseases: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic targets","volume":"8","author":"Di","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15776","article-title":"A guide to the composition and functions of the extracellular matrix","volume":"288","author":"Karamanos","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20210240","article-title":"Laminin N-terminus (LaNt) proteins, laminins and basement membrane regulation","volume":"50","author":"Chavda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2016.12.009","article-title":"The nature and biology of basement membranes","author":"Pozzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1214130","article-title":"The contribution of reticular basement membrane proteins to basal airway epithelial attachment, spreading and barrier formation: implications for airway remodeling in asthma","volume":"10","author":"Hsieh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/jc477fael1ykv54w","article-title":"Enhanced bronchial expression of extracellular matrix proteins in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"126","author":"Kranenburg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01657-3","article-title":"The laminin keratin link shields the nucleus from mechanical deformation and signalling","volume":"22","author":"Kechagia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e03-01-0046","article-title":"A novel mode for integrin-mediated signaling: tethering is required for phosphorylation of FAK Y397","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.4.9708080","article-title":"Contribution of 92 kDa gelatinase\/type IV collagenase in bronchial inflammation during status asthmaticus","volume":"1999","author":"Lemjabbar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924221112316","article-title":"Phenotypes of allergic asthma: Does in-vitro allergy testing help predict asthma disease severity","volume":"36","author":"Benninger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-020-08826-1","article-title":"Are physicochemical properties shaping the allergenic potency of animal allergens","volume":"62","author":"Costa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780068","article-title":"Dissociation of inflammatory and epithelial responses in a murine model of chronic asthma","volume":"80","author":"Foster","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01902148.2013.778921","article-title":"Antigen- induced airway hyperresponsiveness in absence of broncho-obstruction in sensitized Guinea pigs","volume":"39","author":"Ramos-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Lung Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.01.014","article-title":"Phenotypes of antigen-induced responses in Guinea pigs: beyond the asthma model","volume":"179","author":"\u00c1lvarez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Inmmunol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2025.09.003","article-title":"Hypocontractile airway smooth muscle phenotype exhibits enhanced \u03b22 laminin chain expression in lung allergy model","volume":"187","author":"Pacheco-Alba","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-024-02937-5","article-title":"Small airway dysfunction links asthma exacerbations with asthma control and health-related quality of life","volume":"25","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1627443","article-title":"Altered actin isoforms expression and enhanced airway responsiveness in asthma: the crucial role of \u03b2-cytoplasmic actin","volume":"16","author":"Alvarez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.3.9606031","article-title":"Noninvasive measurement of airway responsiveness in allergic mice using barometric plethysmography","volume":"156","author":"Hamelmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2004.027706","article-title":"Spontaneous changes in Guinea-pig respiratory pattern during barometric plethysmography: role of catecholamines and nitric oxide","volume":"89","author":"Baz\u00e1n-Perkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-010-9430-1","article-title":"Airway responsiveness measured by barometric plethysmography in Guinea pigs","volume":"34","author":"Vargas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/protex.2013.097","article-title":"Quantifying chromogen intensity in immunohistochemistry via reciprocal intensity","volume":"2","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Protoc Exch"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3465","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.3465","article-title":"Semi-quantitative determination of protein expression using immunohistochemistry staining and analysis: An integrated protocol","volume":"9","author":"Crowe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bio Protoc"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2000.4883","article-title":"Laminin alpha1-chain shows a restricted distribution in epithelial basement membranes of fetal and adult human tissues","volume":"257","author":"Virtanen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.23.6.4202","article-title":"Expression patterns of laminin alpha1 and alpha5 in human lung during development","volume":"23","author":"Pierce","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.139.2.553","article-title":"Laminin alpha1 chain synthesis in the mouse developing lung: requirement for epithelial-mesenchymal contact and possible role in bronchial smooth muscle development","volume":"139","author":"Schuger","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601805","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01805-2016","article-title":"The instructive extracellular matrix of the lung: basic composition and alterations in chronic lung disease","volume":"50","author":"Burgstaller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-6-110","article-title":"Uncoordinated production of Laminin-5 chains in airways epithelium of allergic asthmatics","volume":"6","author":"Amin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00013303","article-title":"Increase in laminin expression in allergic airway remodelling and decrease by dexamethasone","volume":"24","author":"Christie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.15.4.8879182","article-title":"Expression of laminins in the airways in various types of asthmatic patients: a morphometric study","volume":"15","author":"Altraja","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.23.3.3990","article-title":"Differential effects of extracellular matrix proteins on human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and phenotype","volume":"23","author":"Hirst","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00331.2006","article-title":"Extracellular matrix proteins differentially regulate airway smooth muscle phenotype and function","volume":"292","author":"Dekkers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200107049","article-title":"High RhoA activity maintains the undifferentiated mesenchymal cell phenotype, whereas RhoA down-regulation by laminin-2 induces smooth muscle myogenesis","volume":"156","author":"Beqaj","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-117","article-title":"Endogenous laminin is required for human airway smooth muscle cell maturation","volume":"7","author":"Tran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39914003","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-221341","article-title":"Laminin drives survival signals to promote a contractile smooth muscle phenotype and airway hyperreactivity","volume":"27","author":"Tran","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.22680","article-title":"Laminin isoforms in endothelial and perivascular basement membranes","volume":"7","author":"Yousif","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Adh Migr"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119269","article-title":"Integrins and vascular extracellular matrix assembly","volume":"99","author":"Ruoslahti","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-003-0028-3","article-title":"Airway vascular remodeling in asthma","volume":"3","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-28","article-title":"Lung development in laminin gamma2 deficiency: abnormal tracheal hemidesmosomes with normal branching morphogenesis and epithelial differentiation","volume":"7","author":"Nguyen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501875200","article-title":"Laminin gamma3 chain binds to nidogen and is located in murine basement membranes","volume":"280","author":"Gersdorff","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14239","article-title":"Laminins and interaction partners in the architecture of the basement membrane at the dermal-epidermal junction","volume":"30","author":"Aumailley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21032","article-title":"The beta3 chain short arm of laminin-332 (laminin-5) induces matrix assembly and cell adhesion activity of laminin-511 (laminin-10)","volume":"100","author":"Nakashima","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvi153","article-title":"Regulation of cell adhesion and type VII collagen binding by the beta3 chain short arm of laminin-5: effect of its proteolytic cleavage","volume":"138","author":"Nakashima","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201212032","article-title":"Ablation of astrocytic laminin impairs vascular smooth muscle cell function and leads to hemorrhagic stroke","volume":"202","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-170","article-title":"The laminin \u03b21-competing peptide YIGSR induces a hypercontractile, hypoproliferative airway smooth muscle phenotype in an animal model of allergic asthma","volume":"11","author":"Dekkers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6617","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006617","article-title":"Association of serum levels of laminin, type IV collagen, procollagen III N-terminal peptide, and hyaluronic acid with the progression of interstitial lung disease","volume":"96","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.4.1163","article-title":"Laminin fragment P1 is increased in the lower respiratory tract of patients with diffuse interstitial lung diseases","volume":"104","author":"P\u00e9rez-Arellano","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8423192","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8423192","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in the regulation of estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors by sex steroids in the rat airway smooth muscle cells","volume":"2016","author":"Zaraz\u00faa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1774996\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:24:46Z","timestamp":1774329886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1774996\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1774996"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1774996","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"article-number":"1774996"}}