{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:16:37Z","timestamp":1787026597072,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012497","name":"Covenant University Centre for Research, Innovation and Discovery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The clinical course of malaria ranges from uncomplicated infection to severe disease, driven by extensive hemolysis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme involved in heme degradation, has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the host\u2019s response to\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Experimental and clinical studies suggest that HO-1 is strongly induced during malaria and plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation, oxidative damage, and tissue injury. In murine models, HO-1 induction confers protection against severe malaria complications, including cerebral malaria and organ dysfunction, partly by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and vascular permeability. Conversely, elevated HO-1 expression in specific immune cell populations has been associated with heightened inflammatory responses and disease severity in humans, highlighting its context-dependent effects. Here, we review the key roles of HO-1 in malaria pathogenesis, emphasising its dual protective and pathological functions, and discuss its potential relevance as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and as a therapeutic target.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1777520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T06:52:40Z","timestamp":1772175160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Heme oxygenase-1 and malaria pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Theophilus","family":"Wakai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Research Unit, Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication-Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE)","place":["Ota, Nigeria"]},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University","place":["Ota, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalom","family":"Chinedu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University","place":["Ota, Nigeria"]},{"name":"Covenant University Public Health and Wellbeing Research Cluster (CUPHWERC), Covenant University","place":["Ota, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Afolabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University","place":["Ota, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-025-05296-8","article-title":"Prevalence of thrombocytopenia among patients with malaria in Ethiopia: a systematic review and 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