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Nevertheless, the application of this treatment in children presents unique challenges, including heterogeneous immune responses, potential adverse effects, and constraints regarding long-term efficacy. This perspective discusses the immunological mechanisms associated with IFN therapy in pediatric CHB, emphasizing its potential to enhance immune-mediated clearance and suppress viral activity. We additionally examine the primary clinical challenges, including treatment resistance, adverse effects, and the necessity for personalized approaches to optimize therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, this study examines prospective developments in IFN therapy, encompassing innovations in drug formulations, combination treatment strategies, and the implementation of personalized medicine approaches. Despite the challenges associated with IFN therapy, it continues to be a promising treatment modality. Furthermore, ongoing research into its combination with other immunomodulatory agents holds potential for developing more effective and sustainable management strategies for children with CHB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1778814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T05:25:56Z","timestamp":1773725156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis B in children: an immunological perspective"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yinan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Major, Qinghai University","place":["Xining, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yige","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Major, Qinghai University","place":["Xining, 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