{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:06:03Z","timestamp":1793142363454,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":274,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82473154, 81970500, 82172645, 82372805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82473154, 81970500, 82172645, 82372805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024M751404, 2025T180614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024M751404, 2025T180614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunosenescence is characterized by immune decline and chronic inflammation. With advancing age, the incidence of tumors increases significantly. Understanding how immunosenescence influences the initiation and progression of tumors, as well as its implications for tumor immunotherapy, has become a matter of urgent importance. This review begins with an analysis of the phenotypic changes and underlying mechanisms associated with immune system and immune cell aging, and further explores the interplay between immunosenescence and tumorigenesis. Evidence indicates that cytokines, cell interactions and other mediators serve as critical links connecting aging and cancer, exerting complex anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects. However, in the context of immunosenescence, these factors collectively contribute to the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that facilitates tumor immune evasion and proliferation. Clinical data reveal that immunotherapy in older adults is often challenged by variable treatment efficacy and reduced tolerance. This review systematically summarizes the data related to elderly patients in immunotherapy for different types of cancers, and discusses potential immunotherapy sensitization strategies tailored for elderly patients and the mechanisms and immunomodulatory effects of senescence-modulating drugs, with the aim of enhancing therapeutic response rates and improving safety profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1781885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T06:53:17Z","timestamp":1773211997000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Aging modulation of the immune system and immunotherapy efficacy in cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yurong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University Medical School","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjie","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichen","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University Medical School","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxian","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University Medical School","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2021.112679","article-title":"Balancing DNA repair to prevent ageing and cancer","volume":"405","author":"Stead","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2004.01.009","article-title":"Aging, immunity and cancer","volume":"16","author":"Hakim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-017-0006-x","article-title":"The twilight of immunity: emerging concepts in aging of the immune system","volume":"19","author":"Nikolich-\u017dugich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jncc.2022.12.002","article-title":"Disparities in stage at diagnosis for liver cancer in China","volume":"3","author":"Shan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Cent"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0421-z","article-title":"Older adults with cancer and their caregivers \u2014 current landscape and future directions for clinical care","volume":"17","author":"Kadambi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.8347","article-title":"International society of geriatric oncology consensus on geriatric assessment in older patients with cancer","volume":"32","author":"Wildiers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/esmoopen-2015-000020","article-title":"Challenge of cancer in the elderly","volume":"1","author":"Marosi","year":"2016","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00646-4","article-title":"Immune ageing at single-cell resolution","volume":"22","author":"Mogilenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1033","article-title":"Age-related changes in lymphocyte development and function","volume":"5","author":"Linton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.5.2741","article-title":"Mechanisms for decreased function of B cells in aged mice and humans","volume":"180","author":"Frasca","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2588","article-title":"Understanding immunosenescence to improve responses to vaccines","volume":"14","author":"Goronzy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101422","article-title":"Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aging process: age-related diseases or longevity","volume":"71","author":"Santoro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.03.010","article-title":"Successful and maladaptive T cell aging","volume":"46","author":"Goronzy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0064-2","article-title":"Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty","volume":"15","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu057","article-title":"Chronic inflammation (Inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases","volume":"69","author":"Franceschi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2010.11.002","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in population studies of aging","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117324","article-title":"Phenotypes and functions of \u201caged\u201d neutrophils in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"179","author":"Ling","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501006","article-title":"Loss of phagocytic and antigen cross-presenting capacity in aging dendritic cells is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"195","author":"Chougnet","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101465","article-title":"Age-related M1\/M2 phenotype changes in circulating monocytes from healthy\/unhealthy individuals","volume":"10","author":"Costantini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00745-w","article-title":"Neuroblast senescence in the aged brain augments natural killer cell cytotoxicity leading to impaired neurogenesis and cognition","volume":"24","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2025.0053","article-title":"NK cell senescence in cancer: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities","volume":"17","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2017.08.002","article-title":"Natural killer cell-mediated immunosurveillance of human cancer","volume":"31","author":"Malmberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51207-x","article-title":"Immunometabolic effects of lactate on humoral immunity in healthy individuals of different ages","volume":"15","author":"Romero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-025-01146-6","article-title":"Meta-epigenetic shifts in T cell aging and aging-related dysfunction","volume":"32","author":"Rousseau","year":"2025","journal-title":"J BioMed Sci"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2599","article-title":"The origins of age-related proinflammatory state","volume":"105","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00727-x","article-title":"The senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its physiological and pathological implications","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-010-9220-9","article-title":"Senescent cells as a source of inflammatory factors for tumor progression","volume":"29","author":"Davalos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00399-w","article-title":"CISH impairs lysosomal function in activated T cells resulting in mitochondrial DNA release and inflammaging","volume":"3","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax0860","article-title":"T cells with dysfunctional mitochondria induce multimorbidity and premature senescence","volume":"368","author":"Desd\u00edn-Mic\u00f3","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07825-3","article-title":"Impaired immune surveillance accelerates accumulation of senescent cells and aging","volume":"9","author":"Ovadya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00746-5","article-title":"Age-related decline in CD8+ tissue resident memory T cells compromises antitumor immunity","volume":"4","author":"Pei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jncc.2024.01.006","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022","volume":"4","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Cent"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.11.001","article-title":"Meta-hallmarks of aging and cancer","volume":"35","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01322","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer","volume":"420","author":"Coussens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03096","article-title":"Stromal fibroblasts in cancer initiation and progression","volume":"432","author":"Bhowmick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201439246","article-title":"The extracellular matrix modulates the hallmarks of cancer","volume":"15","author":"Pickup","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114504","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts: Origin, function, imaging, and therapeutic targeting","volume":"189","author":"Rimal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Drug Delivery Rev"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201102147","article-title":"The extracellular matrix: A dynamic niche in cancer progression","volume":"196","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adm7269","article-title":"Tumor extracellular vesicle\u2013derived PD-L1 promotes T cell senescence through lipid metabolism reprogramming","volume":"17","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47070525","article-title":"Targeting exosomal PD-L1 as a new frontier in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"47","author":"Dragu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00346-4","article-title":"Ageing-related bone and immunity changes: insights into the complex interplay between the skeleton and the immune system","volume":"12","author":"Mi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01828-7","article-title":"The aged tumor microenvironment limits T cell control of cancer","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.05.026","article-title":"Correction of age-associated defects in dendritic cells enables CD4+ T cells to eradicate tumors","volume":"187","author":"Zhivaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2016.217","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages as treatment targets in oncology","volume":"14","author":"Mantovani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.015","article-title":"Macrophages in tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis","volume":"44","author":"Wynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14275","article-title":"Macrophage iron dyshomeostasis promotes aging-related renal fibrosis","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.10.024","article-title":"Age and immunity: what is \u201cimmunosenescence\u201d","volume":"105","author":"Pawelec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2023.0222","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 as A master regulator of aging-associated tissue fibrosis","volume":"14","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.02.034","article-title":"Stromal fibroblasts present in invasive human breast carcinomas promote tumor growth and angiogenesis through elevated SDF-1\/CXCL12 secretion","volume":"121","author":"Orimo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.766609","article-title":"An integrated fibrosis signature for predicting survival and immunotherapy efficacy of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-01151-3","article-title":"Current advances and outlooks in immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01876-x","article-title":"Pan-cancer spatially resolved single-cell analysis reveals the crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor microenvironment","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.07.022","article-title":"Immunoregulatory mechanisms in the aging microenvironment: Targeting the senescence-associated secretory phenotype for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.20517\/jca.2023.49","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: The key to unlocking mechanisms of age-related vascular disease","volume":"4","author":"Whitehead","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Aging"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01634-6","article-title":"Harnessing the tumor microenvironment: Targeted cancer therapies through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"18","author":"Glaviano","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hematol OncolJ Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00581-8","article-title":"Age-dependent loss of HAPLN1 erodes vascular integrity via indirect upregulation of endothelial ICAM1 in melanoma","volume":"4","author":"Marino-Bravante","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.742632","article-title":"Cellular senescence in traumatic brain injury: Evidence and perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Schwab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-11-317321","article-title":"Plasticity of human Th17 cells and iTregs is orchestrated by different subsets of myeloid cells","volume":"117","author":"Hoechst","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70231","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: Mechanistic insights and targeted therapeutic innovations","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30095-0","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis: a potential link between increased cancer risk in ageing and inflammaging","volume":"19","author":"Biragyn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adn0327","article-title":"Hematopoietic aging promotes cancer by fueling IL-1\u03b1\u2013driven emergency myelopoiesis","volume":"386","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07205","article-title":"Cancer-related inflammation","volume":"454","author":"Mantovani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.11.011","article-title":"Cytokines in cancer","volume":"43","author":"Kureshi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001","article-title":"Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe","volume":"186","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.08.001","article-title":"The exercise IL-6 enigma in cancer","volume":"34","author":"Orange","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.02.047","article-title":"Systematic review of the association between circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cancer","volume":"44","author":"Heikkil\u00e4","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2018.8","article-title":"Targeting the IL-6\/JAK\/STAT3 signaling axis in cancer","volume":"15","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03549-5","article-title":"Cross-tissue organization of the fibroblast lineage","volume":"593","author":"Buechler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B70","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and aging: blood levels and mononuclear cell production increase with advancing age and in vitro production is modifiable by dietary restriction","volume":"12","author":"Ershler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lymphokine Cytokine Res"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903314","article-title":"The influence of excessive IL-6 production in vivo on the development and function of foxp3+ Regulatory T cells","volume":"186","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207383","article-title":"Stat3 activation regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tumor invasion and metastasis","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206226","article-title":"Interleukin-6 promotes cervical tumor growth by VEGF-dependent angiogenesis via a STAT3 pathway","volume":"22","author":"Wei","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-3589","article-title":"Interleukin 6 supports the maintenance of p53 tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation","volume":"65","author":"Hodge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-016-5098-7","article-title":"Role of interleukin-6 in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance","volume":"37","author":"Kumari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumor Biol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.012","article-title":"Interleukin-1 and related cytokines in the regulation of inflammation and immunity","volume":"50","author":"Mantovani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.04.007","article-title":"Mechanisms and functions of inflammasomes","volume":"157","author":"Lamkanfi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.11.015","article-title":"Cell-type-specific responses to interleukin-1 control microbial invasion and tumor-elicited inflammation in colorectal cancer","volume":"50","author":"Dmitrieva-Posocco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.01.120","article-title":"The role of IL17B-IL17RB signaling pathway in breast cancer","volume":"88","author":"Alinejad","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Pharmacother"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5024","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25240-z","article-title":"Single-cell evaluation reveals shifts in the tumor-immune niches that shape and maintain aggressive lesions in the breast","volume":"12","author":"Sinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.12.016","article-title":"IL-17 signaling in steatotic hepatocytes and macrophages promotes hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"72","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.9.6177","article-title":"IL-17 enhances the net angiogenic activity and in vivo growth of human non-small cell lung cancer in SCID mice through promoting CXCR-2-dependent angiogenesis","volume":"175","author":"Numasaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319051111","article-title":"T helper 17 cells play a critical pathogenic role in lung cancer","volume":"111","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2015","article-title":"A human colonic commensal promotes colon tumorigenesis via activation of T helper type 17 T cell responses","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.03.041","article-title":"Immune cell production of interleukin 17 induces stem cell features of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia cells","volume":"155","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.03.014","article-title":"Oncogenic kras activates a hematopoietic-to-epithelial IL-17 signaling axis in preinvasive pancreatic neoplasia","volume":"25","author":"McAllister","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-0896","article-title":"IL17 functions through the novel REG3\u03b2\u2013JAK2\u2013STAT3 inflammatory pathway to promote the transition from chronic pancreatitis to pancreatic cancer","volume":"75","author":"Loncle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112123","article-title":"Interleukin-22: immunobiology and pathology","volume":"33","author":"Dudakov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030649","article-title":"Interleukin-18 in health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Yasuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-02074-7","article-title":"Short IL-18 generated by caspase-3 cleavage mobilizes NK cells to suppress tumor growth","volume":"26","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2422-6","article-title":"IL-18BP is a secreted immune checkpoint and barrier to IL-18 immunotherapy","volume":"583","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp0719","article-title":"ACSL6-activated IL-18R1\u2013NF-\u03baB promotes IL-18\u2013mediated tumor immune evasion and tumor progression","volume":"10","author":"Di","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24293","article-title":"IL-1R8 is a checkpoint in NK cells regulating anti-tumor and anti-viral activity","volume":"551","author":"Molgora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.100998","article-title":"Activation of immunosuppressive network in the aging process","volume":"57","author":"Salminen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.12.010","article-title":"Distinct spatiotemporal dynamics of CD8+ T cell-derived cytokines in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"42","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-013-0633-0","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 signaling and inflammation: Interactions between old acquaintances","volume":"62","author":"Zelov\u00e1","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflammation Res"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-007-0044-y","article-title":"Isolated limb perfusion with melphalan and TNF-\u03b1 in the treatment of extremity sarcoma","volume":"8","author":"Verhoef","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Treat Option Oncol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4617","article-title":"Oxidative stress in Malignant melanoma enhances tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 secretion of tumor-associated macrophages that promote cancer cell invasion","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2017.02.006","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and TNF-\u03b1 up-regulate PD-L1 expression in human prostate and colon cancer cells","volume":"184","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-3123","article-title":"Epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition induced by TNF-\u03b1 requires NF-\u03baB\u2013mediated transcriptional upregulation of Twist1","volume":"72","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-2524","article-title":"Blocking tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 enhances CD8 T-cell\u2013dependent immunity in experimental melanoma","volume":"75","author":"Bertrand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-25-0631","article-title":"The pleiotropic roles of cytokines in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy","volume":"14","author":"Stewart","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.104900","article-title":"Antigen-presenting fibroblasts: Emerging players in immune modulation and therapeutic targets","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B104","first-page":"1","article-title":"The concept of immunological surveillance","volume-title":"Progress in tumor research","author":"Burnet","year":"1970"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90078-0","article-title":"A unique tumor antigen produced by a single amino acid substitution","volume":"2","author":"Monach","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1102-991","article-title":"Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape","volume":"3","author":"Dunn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI45785","article-title":"NF-\u03baB inhibition delays DNA damage\u2013induced senescence and aging in mice","volume":"122","author":"Tilstra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-021-00098-4","article-title":"Autophagy in healthy aging and disease","volume":"1","author":"Aman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13492","article-title":"Coordinated regulation of protein synthesis and degradation by mTORC1","volume":"513","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2152","article-title":"AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401867","article-title":"Mechanisms of jak\/STAT signaling in immunity and disease","volume":"194","author":"Villarino","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.05.015","article-title":"Perspective: Targeting the JAK\/STAT pathway to fight age-related dysfunction","volume":"111","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1132653","article-title":"cGAS-STING pathway as a potential trigger of immunosenescence and inflammaging","volume":"14","author":"Schmitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13316","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713316","article-title":"Significance of the cGAS-STING pathway in health and disease","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2018.09.013","article-title":"Innate immunosensing of DNA in cellular senescence","volume":"56","author":"Gl\u00fcck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.11.008","article-title":"Role of AMPK mediated pathways in autophagy and aging","volume":"195","author":"Ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-019-01795-9","article-title":"AMPK activation inhibits the functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC): Impact on cancer and aging","volume":"97","author":"Salminen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201243008","article-title":"AMPK\u03b11: a glucose sensor that controls CD8 T-cell memory","volume":"43","author":"Rolf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1579-2","article-title":"Extrapineal melatonin: Sources, regulation, and potential functions","volume":"71","author":"Acu\u00f1a-Castroviejo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051223","article-title":"Aging, melatonin, and the pro- and anti-inflammatory networks","volume":"20","author":"Hardeland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.8810","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against sca\u22121+ HSC\/HPC cell aging by regulating the SIRT1\u2212FOXO3 and SIRT3\u2212SOD2 signaling pathways in a \u03b3\u2212ray irradiation\u2212induced aging mice model","volume":"20","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.196790","article-title":"NAD+-dependent SIRT1 deacetylase participates in epigenetic reprogramming during endotoxin tolerance","volume":"286","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI38902","article-title":"The type III histone deacetylase Sirt1 is essential for maintenance of T cell tolerance in mice","volume":"119","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06583-3","article-title":"Targeting inflammation in cancer therapy: From mechanistic insights to emerging therapeutic approaches","volume":"23","author":"Bakrim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31963","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31963","article-title":"GRAM domain-containing protein 1A (GRAMD1A) promotes the expansion of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cell and hepatocellular carcinoma growth through STAT5","volume":"6","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2174\/138920108783497631","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9\/gelatinase B is a putative therapeutic target of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Muroski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2003.09.001","article-title":"The possible role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in cancer, e.g. acute leukemia","volume":"50","author":"Klein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-01074-4","article-title":"Senescence as a therapeutic target in cancer and age-related diseases","volume":"24","author":"McHugh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02689-5","article-title":"Regulatory T cells trigger effector T cell DNA damage and senescence caused by metabolic competition","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-018-9762-8","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC): An important partner in cellular\/tissue senescence","volume":"19","author":"Salminen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101280","article-title":"Feed-forward regulation between cellular senescence and immunosuppression promotes the aging process and age-related diseases","volume":"67","author":"Salminen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11762","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11762","article-title":"Stromal senescence establishes an immunosuppressive microenvironment that drives tumorigenesis","volume":"7","author":"Ruhland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2012.12.003","article-title":"T cell anergy, exhaustion, senescence, and stemness in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"25","author":"Crespo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00986-z","article-title":"Immunosenescence: A key player in cancer development","volume":"13","author":"Lian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hematol OncolJ Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050038","article-title":"Epigenetic control of the foxp3 locus in regulatory T cells","volume":"5","author":"Floess","year":"2007","journal-title":"PloS Biol"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414780111","article-title":"Dysfunction of dendritic cells in aged C57BL\/6 mice leads to failure of natural killer cell activation and of tumor eradication","volume":"111","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-019-0344-8","article-title":"Exhaustion and senescence: Two crucial dysfunctional states of T cells in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14122846","article-title":"Real-World Treatments and Clinical Outcomes in Advanced NSCLC without Actionable Mutations after Introduction of Immunotherapy in Japan","volume":"14","author":"Nokihara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.11.011","article-title":"Impact of age on outcomes with immunotherapy in patients with non\u2013small cell lung cancer","volume":"14","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.6901","article-title":"Association between age and survival trends in advanced non\u2013small cell lung cancer after adoption of immunotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Voruganti","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01281-7","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"387","author":"Herbst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14428","article-title":"Phase 2 study of first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer expressing high PD-L1","volume":"13","author":"Masuda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32409-7","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for previously untreated, PD-L1-expressing, locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-042): a randomized, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"393","author":"Mok","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01977-y","article-title":"Cemiplimab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized, controlled, double-blind phase 3 trial","volume":"28","author":"Gogishvili","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32517-X","article-title":"Atezolizumab versus docetaxel in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (OAK): a phase 3, open-label, multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"389","author":"Rittmeyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.07.009","article-title":"IMpower150 final overall survival analyses for atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and chemotherapy in first-line metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC","volume":"16","author":"Socinski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.07.004","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy in elderly patients with PD-L1\u2013positive advanced non\u2013small-cell lung cancer: Pooled analysis from the KEYNOTE-010, KEYNOTE-024, and KEYNOTE-042 studies","volume":"135","author":"Nosaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4938","article-title":"Real-world data of atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide in elderly patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Shiono","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00692-6","article-title":"Nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy in patients with HER2-negative, untreated, unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric or gastro-esophageal junction cancer (ATTRACTION-4): a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"23","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00797-2","article-title":"First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced gastric, gastro-esophageal junction, and esophageal adenocarcinoma (CheckMate 649): a randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"398","author":"Janjigian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31827-5","article-title":"Nivolumab in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction cancer refractory to, or intolerant of, at least two previous chemotherapy regimens (ONO-4538-12, ATTRACTION-2): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"390","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910549","article-title":"Pembrolizumab for early triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"382","author":"Schmid","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000525671","article-title":"Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab versus Sorafenib for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results from Older Adults Enrolled in the IMbrave150 Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1816714","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma","volume":"380","author":"Rini","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-018-2219-8","article-title":"Older melanoma patients aged 75 and above retain responsiveness to anti-PD1 therapy: results of a retrospective single-institution cohort study","volume":"67","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1116","article-title":"Age correlates with response to anti-PD1, reflecting age-related differences in intratumoral effector and regulatory T-cell populations","volume":"24","author":"Kugel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2016.1234572","article-title":"Responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in nonagenarians","volume":"5","author":"Johnpulle","year":"2016","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00197-8","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer (KEYNOTE-177): final analysis of a randomized, open-label, phase 3 study","volume":"23","author":"Diaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.0400","article-title":"Association between survival and metastatic site in mismatch repair\u2013deficient metastatic colorectal cancer treated with first-line pembrolizumab","volume":"6","author":"Saberzadeh-Ardestani","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-24-01283","article-title":"Pembrolizumab plus docetaxel versus docetaxel for previously treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: the randomized, double-blind, phase III KEYNOTE-921 trial","volume":"43","author":"Petrylak","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2019-0124","article-title":"Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and age in cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2019.05.013","article-title":"Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in older adults with advanced stage cancers: A meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Kasherman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Geriatr Oncol"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.08.027","article-title":"Older and younger patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors have similar outcomes in real-life setting","volume":"121","author":"Corbaux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2022.102394","article-title":"The use of immunotherapy in older patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"106","author":"Tagliamento","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501824","article-title":"Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non\u2013small-cell lung cancer","volume":"372","author":"Garon","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00179-3","article-title":"Is cancer biology different in older patients","volume":"2","author":"Van Herck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Health Longev"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2017699","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in microsatellite-instability\u2013high advanced colorectal cancer","volume":"383","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04161-3","article-title":"The KEYNOTE-811 trial of dual PD-1 and HER2 blockade in HER2-positive gastric cancer","volume":"600","author":"Janjigian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-021-01230-4","article-title":"Exploration of predictors of benefit from nivolumab monotherapy for patients with pretreated advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: post hoc sub analysis from the ATTRACTION-2 study","volume":"25","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2016.1220540","article-title":"Treatment of head and neck cancer in the elderly","volume":"17","author":"Hartmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03249-3","article-title":"Neoadjuvant nivolumab or nivolumab plus ipilimumab in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: a phase 2 adaptive trial","volume":"30","author":"Nederlof","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30904-X","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and prognosis in different subtypes of breast cancer: a pooled analysis of 3771 patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy","volume":"19","author":"Denkert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.03.002","article-title":"A specific enterotype derived from gut microbiome of older individuals enables favorable responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapy","volume":"32","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.100555","article-title":"Immunological facets of prostate cancer and the potential of immune checkpoint inhibition in disease management","volume":"14","author":"Hansen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00706-z","article-title":"The roles of tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic diseases","volume":"19","author":"Sato","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c00500","article-title":"Surgical tumor-derived photothermal nanovaccine for personalized cancer therapy and prevention","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03126-0","article-title":"Metformin as a senostatic drug enhances the anticancer efficacy of CDK4\/6 inhibitor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12587","article-title":"Rapamycin inhibits the secretory phenotype of senescent cells by a Nrf2-independent mechanism","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12380","article-title":"Chronic mTOR inhibition in mice with rapamycin alters T, B, myeloid, and innate lymphoid cells and gut flora and prolongs life of immune-deficient mice","volume":"14","author":"Hurez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024705","article-title":"Timing is critical for an effective anti-metastatic immunotherapy: The decisive role of IFN\u03b3\/STAT1-mediated activation of autophagy","volume":"6","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-021-09915-0","article-title":"Anti-SASP and anti-inflammatory activity of resveratrol, curcumin and \u03b2-caryophyllene association on human endothelial and monocytic cells","volume":"22","author":"Matacchione","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2015.06.013","article-title":"Effects of flavonoids on senescence-associated secretory phenotype formation from bleomycin-induced senescence in BJ fibroblasts","volume":"96","author":"Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-015-9610-z","article-title":"Suppression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in human fibroblasts using small molecule inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase and MK2","volume":"17","author":"Alimbetov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116645","article-title":"Tetrastigma polysaccharide reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages via PPAR\u03b3 signaling pathway to play antitumor activity in breast cancer","volume":"314","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-3122","article-title":"Clinical and correlative results of SWOG S0354: A phase II trial of CNTO328 (siltuximab), a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6, in chemotherapy-pretreated patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"16","author":"Dorff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-12-546374","article-title":"Phase 2 randomized study of bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone with or without siltuximab (anti\u2013IL-6) in multiple myeloma","volume":"123","author":"San-Miguel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-2200","article-title":"A phase I\/II, multiple-dose, dose-escalation study of siltuximab, an anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors","volume":"20","author":"Angevin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4854","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194854","article-title":"Impact of STAT proteins in tumor progress and therapy resistance in advanced and metastasized prostate cancer","volume":"13","author":"Ebersbach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-019-02192-x","article-title":"Prognostic role of interleukin-6 in renal cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.44.2020","article-title":"Possible role for tocilizumab, an anti\u2013interleukin-6 receptor antibody, in treating cancer cachexia","volume":"31","author":"Ando","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-024-02989-x","article-title":"IL6-STAT3-C\/EBP\u03b2-IL6 positive feedback loop in tumor-associated macrophages promotes the EMT and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"43","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv309","article-title":"A phase I trial combining carboplatin\/doxorubicin with tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6R monoclonal antibody, and interferon-\u03b12b in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"26","author":"Dijkgraaf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.92922","article-title":"Immunotherapeutic IL-6R and targeting the MCT-1\/IL-6\/CXCL7\/PD-L1 circuit prevent relapse and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Haq","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2999","article-title":"Chemotherapy-triggered cathepsin B release in myeloid-derived suppressor cells activates the Nlrp3 inflammasome and promotes tumor growth","volume":"19","author":"Bruchard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.901880","article-title":"Oxaliplatin and infliximab combination synergizes in inducing colon cancer regression","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjad067","article-title":"Blockade of TNF-\u03b1\/TNFR2 signaling suppresses colorectal cancer and enhances the efficacy of anti-PD1 immunotherapy by decreasing CCR8+T regulatory cells","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00312-6","article-title":"Targeting NF-\u03baB pathway for the therapy of diseases: Mechanism and clinical study","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transd Targ Ther"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-012-9869-8","article-title":"Phase 2 study of carlumab (CNTO 888), a human monoclonal antibody against CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"31","author":"Pienta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest New Drugs"},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2019.07.008","article-title":"A toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist ARNAX for therapeutic immunotherapy","volume":"147","author":"Seya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Drug Delivery Rev"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0236-8","article-title":"TLR7\/8-agonist-loaded nanoparticles promote the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages to enhance cancer immunotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Rodell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat BioMed Eng"},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay9013","article-title":"cGAS-STING\u2013mediated DNA sensing maintains CD8+ T cell stemness and promotes antitumor T cell therapy","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19049","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19049","article-title":"Antitumor activity of cGAMP via stimulation of cGAS-cGAMP-STING-IRF3 mediated innate immune response","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13094-5","article-title":"An inhalable nanoparticulate STING agonist synergizes with radiotherapy to confer long-term control of lung metastases","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200844","article-title":"STING agonist promotes CAR T cell trafficking and persistence in breast cancer","volume":"218","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05880-5","article-title":"STING inhibits the reactivation of dormant metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"616","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.607881","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of pharmacological targeting NLRP3 inflammasome complex in cancer","volume":"11","author":"Tezcan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-23-0065","article-title":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells regulate NLRP3 activation to generate a tolerogenic microenvironment","volume":"3","author":"Amo-Aparicio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res Commun"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2000915118","article-title":"Targeting tumor-derived NLRP3 reduces melanoma progression by limiting MDSCs expansion","volume":"118","author":"Tengesdal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI133055","article-title":"A tumor-intrinsic PD-L1\/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway drives resistance to anti\u2013PD-1 immunotherapy","volume":"130","author":"Theivanthiran","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2024.111957","article-title":"Quercetin induces senolysis of doxorubicin-induced senescent fibroblasts by reducing autophagy, preventing their pro-tumor effect on osteosarcoma cells","volume":"220","author":"Bientinesi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46769-9","article-title":"Senescence drives immunotherapy resistance by inducing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment","volume":"15","author":"Maggiorani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12761","article-title":"Clearance of therapy-induced senescent tumor cells by the senolytic ABT-263 via interference with BCL-XL\u2013BAX interaction","volume":"14","author":"Saleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-01054-2","article-title":"Treatment resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in lung and ovarian cancer is driven by a targetable TGF\u03b2 Senescent secretome","volume":"6","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gualda","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122915","article-title":"Targeting senescence with radioactive 223Ra\/ba SAzymes enables senolytics-unlocked one-two punch strategy to boost anti-tumor immunotherapy","volume":"315","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-019-00830-3","article-title":"Phase 1b study of a small molecule antagonist of human chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (PF-04136309) in combination with nab-paclitaxel\/gemcitabine in first-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"38","author":"Noel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest New Drugs"},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)00078-4","article-title":"Targeting tumor-associated macrophages with CCR2 inhibition in combination with FOLFIRINOX in patients with borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer: A single-center, open-label, dose-finding, non-randomized, phase 1b trial","volume":"17","author":"Nywening","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-2654","article-title":"Targeting CCL2\/CCR2 signaling overcomes MEK inhibitor resistance in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"30","author":"Modak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-011284","article-title":"Phase 1b\/2 study of BMS-813160, a CCR2\/5 dual antagonist, in combination with chemotherapy or nivolumab in patients with advanced pancreatic or colorectal cancer","volume":"14","author":"Le","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31100426","article-title":"Bazedoxifene as a potential cancer therapeutic agent targeting IL-6\/GP130 signaling","volume":"31","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2022.8349","article-title":"Dual STAT\u22123 and IL\u22126R inhibition with stattic and tocilizumab decreases migration, invasion and proliferation of prostate cancer cells by targeting the IL\u22126\/IL\u22126R\/STAT\u22123 axis","volume":"48","author":"M\u00e9ndez\u2212Clemente","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00895","article-title":"Efficacy of ruxolitinib in patients with chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"38","author":"Dao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-019-01293-1","article-title":"Potent repression of C-reactive protein (CRP) expression by the JAK1\/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in inflammatory human hepatocytes","volume":"69","author":"Febvre-James","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation Res"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030561","article-title":"Mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in HPV negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"11","author":"Griso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-021-04369-0","article-title":"A phase 1b study of erlotinib and momelotinib for the treatment of EGFR-mutated, tyrosine kinase inhibitor-naive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"89","author":"Padda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15082197","article-title":"Cancer risk in patients treated with the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Bezzio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27031","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of Jaktinib (a novel JAK inhibitor) in patients with myelofibrosis who are relapsed or refractory to ruxolitinib: A single-arm, open-label, phase 2, multicenter study","volume":"98","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2012.14","article-title":"The oral HDAC inhibitor pracinostat (SB939) is efficacious and synergistic with the JAK2 inhibitor pacritinib (SB1518) in preclinical models of AML","volume":"2","author":"Novotny-Diermayr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo.2017.08.16","article-title":"Pacritinib to inhibit JAK\/STAT signaling in refractory metastatic colon and rectal cancer","volume":"8","author":"Regenbogen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1207756","article-title":"Aspirin use, tumor PIK3CA mutation, and colorectal-cancer survival","volume":"367","author":"Liao","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abl5420","article-title":"Aspirin activates resolution pathways to reprogram T cell and macrophage responses in colitis-associated colorectal cancer","volume":"8","author":"De Matteis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"B231","article-title":"Effects of aspirin on pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1 and its potential molecular mechanism","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J BUON Off J Balk Union Oncol"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.4","article-title":"Aspirin and colorectal cancer: The promise of precision chemoprevention","volume":"16","author":"Drew","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000098","article-title":"Aspirin and NSAIDs for breast cancer chemoprevention","volume":"24","author":"Yiannakopoulou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010166","article-title":"Could aspirin and diets high in fiber act synergistically to reduce the risk of colon cancer in humans","volume":"19","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.271","article-title":"Molecular targets of aspirin and cancer prevention","volume":"111","author":"Alfonso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-0577","article-title":"Preventive Services Task Force*. Aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer: U.S. preventive services task force recommendation statement","volume":"164","author":"Bibbins-Domingo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4652","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134652","article-title":"Aspirin modifies inflammatory mediators and metabolomic profiles and contributes to the suppression of obesity-associated breast cancer cell growth","volume":"21","author":"Hsieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10720-4","article-title":"Aspirin inhibits LPS-induced macrophage activation via the NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010430107","article-title":"Chemoprevention by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs eliminates oncogenic intestinal stem cells via SMAC-dependent apoptosis","volume":"107","author":"Qiu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0095","article-title":"Inhibition of PDE5 by sulindac sulfide selectively induces apoptosis and attenuates oncogenic wnt\/\u03b2-catenin\u2013mediated transcription in human breast tumor cells","volume":"4","author":"Tinsley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa)"},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-13-0048","article-title":"Sulindac selectively inhibits colon tumor cell growth by activating the cGMP\/PKG pathway to suppress wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23218","article-title":"Sulindac and its metabolites induce carcinogen metabolizing enzymes in human colon cancer cells","volume":"122","author":"Ciolino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"B243","article-title":"Sulindac inhibits the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of laryngeal cancer cells by down-regulating the AKT\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume-title":"Review","author":"Bian","year":"2023"},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1956-8","article-title":"Sulindac sulfide inhibits colon cancer cell growth and downregulates specificity protein transcription factors","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0095","article-title":"Biomarker modulation study of celecoxib for chemoprevention in women at increased risk for breast cancer: A phase II pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Bayraktar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa)"},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c02947","article-title":"Celecoxib augments paclitaxel-induced immunogenic cell death in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"18","author":"Qian","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13106","article-title":"Celecoxib and 2,5-dimethylcelecoxib inhibit intestinal cancer growth by suppressing the wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway","volume":"108","author":"Egashira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03641-3","article-title":"Treatment of cancer-associated fibroblast-like cells with celecoxib enhances the anti-cancer T helper 1\/treg responses in breast cancer","volume":"398","author":"Samoudi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450119666180803121737","article-title":"Celecoxib in cancer therapy and prevention \u2013 review","volume":"20","author":"To\u0142oczko-Iwaniuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targ"},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2018.02.006","article-title":"Celecoxib suppresses proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells by down-regulating STAT3\/NF-kB and L1CAM activities","volume":"18","author":"Zuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-06-0565","article-title":"Assessment of celecoxib pharmacodynamics in pancreatic cancer","volume":"5","author":"Jimeno","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-0906-7","article-title":"Ibuprofen mediates histone modification to diminish cancer cell stemness properties via a COX2-dependent manner","volume":"123","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10959","article-title":"Ibuprofen reduces cell proliferation through inhibiting wnt\/\u03b2 catenin signaling pathway in gastric cancer stem cells","volume":"42","author":"Akrami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0021","article-title":"Ibuprofen inhibits activation of nuclear \u03b2-catenin in human colon adenomas and induces the phosphorylation of GSK-3\u03b2","volume":"4","author":"Greenspan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa)"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2013.2713","article-title":"Ibuprofen enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through DR5 upregulation","volume":"30","author":"Todo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-002-0485-8","article-title":"Superior effectiveness of ibuprofen compared with other NSAIDs for reducing the survival of human prostate cancer cells","volume":"50","author":"Andrews","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2952-3","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of ibuprofen on tumor survival and angiogenesis in gastric cancer cell","volume":"36","author":"Akrami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tumor Biol"},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260545","article-title":"Senotherapeutic-like effect of silybum marianum flower extract revealed on human skin cells","volume":"16","author":"Woo","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-1033","article-title":"CD38-mediated immunosuppression as a mechanism of tumor cell escape from PD-1\/PD-L1 blockade","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0211","article-title":"Adenosine receptor 2A blockade increases the efficacy of anti\u2013PD-1 through enhanced antitumor T-cell responses","volume":"3","author":"Beavis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.10.001","article-title":"Small-molecule MYC inhibitors suppress tumor growth and enhance immunotherapy","volume":"36","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2021.102154","article-title":"MYC as a target for cancer treatment","volume":"94","author":"Duffy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20240367","article-title":"Dexamethasone-tamoxifen combination exerts synergistic therapeutic effects in tamoxifen-resistance breast cancer cells","volume":"44","author":"Gaballah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2020.188430","article-title":"Latest perspectives on glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and resistance in lymphoid Malignancies","volume":"1874","author":"Clarisse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta BBA - Rev Cancer"},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2022.07.003","article-title":"Use of glucocorticoids in patients with cancer: Potential benefits, harms, and practical considerations for clinical practice","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.455","article-title":"Dexamethasone mediates pancreatic cancer progression by glucocorticoid receptor, TGF\u03b2 and JNK\/AP-1","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1019-4","article-title":"Glucocorticoids promote breast cancer metastasis","volume":"567","author":"Obradovi\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70694-5","article-title":"Glucocorticoid use in prostate cancer and other solid tumors: Implications for effectiveness of cytotoxic treatment and metastases","volume":"7","author":"Herr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000660050027","article-title":"Dexamethasone-induced enhancement of resistance to ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic agents in human tumor cells","volume":"175","author":"Mariotta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14312","article-title":"Liposomal simvastatin sensitizes C26 murine colon carcinoma to the antitumor effects of liposomal 5-fluorouracil in vivo","volume":"111","author":"Luput","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-08181-z","article-title":"TAPI-1 exhibits anti-tumor efficacy in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via suppression of NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"69","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.008","article-title":"Senescence-induced vascular remodeling creates therapeutic vulnerabilities in pancreas cancer","volume":"181","author":"Ruscetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.01.059","article-title":"Mechanisms behind therapeutic potentials of mesenchymal stem cell mitochondria transfer\/delivery","volume":"354","author":"Malekpour","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Controlled Rel"},{"key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c05312","article-title":"Click chemistry-assisted rejuvenation of aging T cells sensitizes aged mice to tumor immunotherapy","volume":"147","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1781885\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T06:53:20Z","timestamp":1773212000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1781885\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"references-count":274,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1781885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1781885","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"article-number":"1781885"}}