{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:30:24Z","timestamp":1791304224976,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) is a life-threatening complication of sepsis characterized by reversible myocardial dysfunction. Its pathophysiology involves a complex interplay of inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genetic factors, leading to impaired cardiac contractility, ventricular dilatation, and increased mortality. Epidemiologically, SICM exhibits demographic variations, with younger age, male sex, and pre-existing heart failure identified as key risk factors. Diagnostic approaches rely on a combination of biomarkers (e.g., troponins, NT-proBNP), advanced imaging techniques (e.g., speckle-tracking echocardiography), and clinical criteria, though standardized definitions remain elusive. Treatment strategies include pharmacological interventions (e.g., levosimendan, melatonin), mechanical circulatory support (e.g., VA-ECMO, Impella), and emerging therapies targeting ferroptosis or mitochondrial function. Historical perspectives highlight the evolution from recognizing SICM as a rare complication to its current status as a major contributor to sepsis mortality, while future directions emphasize personalized medicine, multi-omics integration, and targeted therapeutics. This review synthesizes current knowledge of SICM, identifies critical gaps, and proposes actionable research priorities to improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1785463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T05:36:40Z","timestamp":1773207400000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatments"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baotou Central Hospital","place":["Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baotou Central Hospital","place":["Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyue","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology","place":["Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baotou Central Hospital","place":["Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baotou Central Hospital","place":["Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5031","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005031","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"95","author":"Sato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn121430-20210826-01281","article-title":"Study on the relationship between ventricular function parameters obtained by echocardiography and prognosis of patients with sepsis","volume":"34","author":"Lu","year":"2022"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01021","article-title":"Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: mechanisms and treatments","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00735-4","article-title":"The molecular and metabolic landscape of iron and ferroptosis in cardiovascular disease","volume":"20","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2504132","article-title":"Sex differences in the epidemiology, risk factors, and prognosis of Malignant ventricular arrhythmias in sepsis patients","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75173","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.75173","article-title":"The complexities of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: A clinical case and review of inflammatory pathways and potential therapeutic targets","volume":"16","author":"Borkowski","year":"2025"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.25.19224-9","article-title":"Global longitudinal strain to early detect myocardial dysfunction in septic shock: a systematic review","volume":"91","author":"Garo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiologica"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59958\/hsf.6439","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the efficacy of levosimendan in the treatment of severe sepsis complicated with septic cardiomyopathy","volume":"26","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Surg Forum"},{"key":"B10","article-title":"Research progress on the role and mechanism of ferroptosis in heart diseases","volume":"77","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sheng Li Xue Bao."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00492-2","article-title":"Pathophysiology of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"18","author":"Hollenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.07.105","article-title":"An experimental study of the\u00a0protective effect of simvastatin on sepsis-induced myocardial depression in rats","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.04.006","article-title":"Overexpression of CTRP3 protects against sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction in mice","volume":"476","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol And Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002097","article-title":"Apelin compared with dobutamine exerts cardioprotection and extends survival in a rat\u00a0model of endotoxin-induced myocardial dysfunction","volume":"45","author":"Chagnon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-018-0759-x","article-title":"GTS-21 protected against LPS-induced sepsis myocardial injury in mice through \u03b17nAChR","volume":"41","author":"Kong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2023.05.003","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome-driven IL-1\u03b2 and IL-18 contribute to lipopolysaccharide-induced septic cardiomyopathy","volume":"180","author":"Fujimura","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Of Mol And Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2018.09.005","article-title":"Sulfur dioxide attenuates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rats","volume":"81","author":"Yang","year":"2018"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4MIR1118-425R","article-title":"New strategies for treatment of infectious sepsis","volume":"106","author":"Ward","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Of Leukocyte Biol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.2095-4352.2019.12.005","article-title":"Elevated plasma histone is an independent risk factor for the development of septic cardiomyopathy","volume":"31","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.03.048","article-title":"FAM46C inhibits lipopolysaccharides-induced myocardial dysfunction via downregulating cellular adhesion molecules and inhibiting apoptosis","volume":"229","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94248","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.94248","article-title":"Inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) prevents sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by improving calcium handling and mitochondrial function","volume":"2","author":"Joseph","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2019.04.006","article-title":"Drp1\/Fis1 interaction mediates mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy","volume":"130","author":"Haileselassie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2019.06.008","article-title":"Impaired SIRT3 activity mediates cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemia by calpain-dependent disruption of ATP synthesis","volume":"133","author":"Koentges","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.122611","article-title":"Melatonin: A potential protective multifaceted force for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"346","author":"Casper","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109067","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4115193","article-title":"Omaveloxolone attenuates the sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy via activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2","volume":"111","author":"Jian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1510232","article-title":"Ferrostatin-1 improves acute sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy via inhibiting neutrophil infiltration through impaired chemokine axis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front In Cell And Dev Biol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v69.12623","article-title":"Causal relationships of serum iron metabolites with sepsis and cardiomyopathy: a Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Nutr Res"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45030157","article-title":"A novel nonsense pathogenic TTN variant identified in a patient with severe dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"45","author":"Micolonghi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00749.2019","article-title":"PKC\u03b4 causes sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"318","author":"Joseph","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circulatory Physiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01328-x","article-title":"miR-150-5p in neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles associated with sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in septic patients","volume":"9","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.802085","article-title":"Roles of lncRNAs in regulating mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111500","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA MCM3AP-AS1 attenuates sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by improving inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function through mediating the miR-501-3p\/CADM1\/STAT3 axis","volume":"128","author":"Nie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666231180526","article-title":"Prevalence and prognosis of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Of Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2017.08.008","article-title":"Incidence and evolution of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in a cohort of patients with sepsis and septic shock","volume":"42","author":"Narv\u00e1ez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Intensiva"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v9.i31.9452","article-title":"Incidence, prognosis, and risk factors of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"9","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Of Clin cases"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2579-2","article-title":"Impact of post-sepsis cardiovascular complications on mortality in sepsis survivors: a population-based study","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-24204","article-title":"A prospective observational study to determine incidence and outcome of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in an intensive care unit","volume":"26","author":"Bansal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Of Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2021.00234","article-title":"Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is associated with higher mortality rates in patients with sepsis","volume":"36","author":"Hanumanthu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acute Crit Care"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn121430-20210618-0913","article-title":"Establishment and evaluation of clinical diagnostic scoring system for septic cardiomyopathy","volume":"33","author":"Shang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000929","article-title":"Induction and deduction in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: five typical categories","volume":"133","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-020-02454-4","article-title":"Racial disparities in hospital mortality among pediatric cardiomyopathy and myocarditis patients","volume":"42","author":"Olsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-507866\/v1","article-title":"Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as mechanical circulatory support in adult septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis with individual participant data meta-regression analysis","volume":"25","author":"Ling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2024.06.039","article-title":"Sex based differences in clinical characteristics of patients with acute myocarditis: A cohort study","volume":"137","author":"B\u00fcchel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.03.036","article-title":"National trends, gender, management, and outcomes of patients hospitalized for myocarditis","volume":"124","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70095","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70095","article-title":"Clinical Study evaluating the Diagnostic Value of Cardiac Ultrasound Parameters Combined With Serum miR-324-3p in Septic Cardiac Dysfunction","volume":"133","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000002513","article-title":"Identification and verification of feature biomarkers associated with choline metabolism in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"63","author":"Pei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-10822-9","article-title":"Integrated bioinformatics and experiment validation reveal cuproptosis-related biomarkers and therapeutic targets in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction","volume":"25","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2023.5319","article-title":"Quercetin ameliorates ferroptosis of rat cardiomyocytes via activation of the SIRT1\/p53\/SLC7A11 signaling pathway to alleviate sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"52","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Of Mol Med"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1327-0","article-title":"Speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with septic shock: a case control study (SPECKSS)","volume":"20","author":"Ng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13938","article-title":"Characterization of critically ill patients with septic shock and sepsis-associated cardiomyopathy using cardiovascular MRI","volume":"9","author":"Muehlberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"ESC Heart Failure"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jccase.2021.08.011","article-title":"Rapidly progressive myocardial calcification following sepsis","volume":"25","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiol Cases"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2020.07.003","article-title":"Special\u00a0Article - The role of hand-held ultrasound for cardiopulmonary assessment during a pandemic","volume":"63","author":"Khanji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.938536","article-title":"A multicenter prospective cohort study of cardiac ultrasound phenotypes in patients with sepsis: Study protocol for a multicenter prospective cohort trial","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0263","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010263","article-title":"Risk factors and outcomes of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction and stress-induced cardiomyopathy in sepsis or septic shock: A comparative retrospective study","volume":"97","author":"Jeong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000520472","article-title":"Different clinical features between definite and possible takotsubo syndrome in a tertiary referral hospital","volume":"147","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e019338","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019338","article-title":"Effect of levosimendan on mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02996","article-title":"Linagliptin attenuates the cardiac dysfunction associated with experimental sepsis in mice with pre-existing type 2 diabetes by inhibiting NF-\u03baB","volume":"9","author":"Al Zoubi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front In Immunol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5478","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23304-7","article-title":"\u03b12A-adrenergic blockade attenuates septic cardiomyopathy by increasing cardiac norepinephrine concentration and inhibiting cardiac endothelial activation","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12763","article-title":"Inhibition of the NLRP3\/IL-1\u03b2 axis protects against sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"12","author":"Busch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2018.3665","article-title":"Apelin protects against sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by inhibiting the TLR4 and NLRP3 signaling pathways","volume":"42","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18889","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.18889","article-title":"Prolonged use of an impella assist device in a sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: A case report","volume":"13","author":"Mustafa","year":"2021"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e941098","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.941098","article-title":"Successful treatment of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy with intra-aortic balloon pumping: A case report and literature review","volume":"24","author":"Kuroki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.26973","article-title":"A multicenter study of the impella device for mechanical support of the systemic circulation in pediatric and adolescent patients","volume":"90","author":"Dimas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Catheterization Cardiovasc Interventions"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13112643","article-title":"Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmias: pathophysiology and implications for novel therapeutic approaches","volume":"13","author":"Pamporis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118740","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro study on the regulatory mechanism of XiaoChaiHu decoction on PANoptosis in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"336","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"B66","article-title":"Revista portuguesa de cardiologia","volume-title":"Rev Port Cardiol","author":"Lima","year":"2023"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-024-00536-2","article-title":"New insights into the role of mitochondrial metabolic dysregulation and immune infiltration in septic cardiomyopathy by integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-024-00770-y","article-title":"Sepsis-induced cardiogenic shock: controversies and evidence gaps in diagnosis and management","volume":"13","author":"Sato","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000002290","article-title":"Invasive hemodynamic monitoring with pulmonary artery catheter in sepsis-associated cardiogenic shock","volume":"61","author":"Sato","year":"2023","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59342","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.59342","article-title":"ITGAM: A pivotal regulator in macrophage dynamics and cardiac function during sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2024"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2024.110301","article-title":"Integrated multi-omics analysis and machine learning developed diagnostic markers and prognostic model based on Efferocytosis-associated signatures for septic cardiomyopathy","volume":"265","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-018-09809-5","article-title":"Sepsis-related myocardial injury\u00a0is\u00a0associated with Mst1 upregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and the Drp1\/F-actin signaling pathway","volume":"50","author":"Shang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Histol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1785463\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T05:36:44Z","timestamp":1773207404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1785463\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1785463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1785463","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-3224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-3224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"article-number":"1785463"}}