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This mini review systematically summarizes the epidemiological associations between local (ocular tissue-specific) and systemic inflammatory responses with myopia, highlighting key inflammatory mediators (NF-\u03baB, MMP-2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1) and their synergistic mechanisms in modulating scleral extracellular matrix degradation. We further dissect the molecular cascade of \u201cmechanical stress - inflammation activation - ECM remodeling - fibroblast-myofibroblast transformation\u201d that underpins myopic scleral weakening. Current research limitations include inadequate translation of animal model findings to humans, a lack of non-invasive inflammatory monitoring tools, and unstandardized biomarkers. Future directions should leverage multi-omics technologies to decode complex inflammatory networks and the gut-retina axis, facilitating the development of stage-specific precision anti-inflammatory interventions. This review offers novel insights into the inflammatory mechanisms underlying myopia and provides a theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1786055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T05:19:37Z","timestamp":1774588777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Myo-inflam: a mini review on inflammatory pathways driving scleral remodeling and axial elongation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen Eye Center and Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine","place":["Xiamen, China"]},{"name":"Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]},{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology","place":["Xiamen, Fujian, China"]},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of 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