{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T06:07:27Z","timestamp":1779084447894,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy typically characterized by a monophasic course; however, atypical or relapsing presentations suggest that sustained immune dysregulation contribute to disease heterogeneity. We report a 33-year-old man with progressive limb weakness diagnosed as motor-predominant acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), supported by albuminocytologic dissociation and demyelinating features on nerve conduction studies with preserved sensory conduction. Immunological evaluation revealed B lymphocyte expansion, elevated interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels, and strong thyroid autoantibody positivity consistent with Graves\u2019 disease, while anti-ganglioside and paraneoplastic antibodies were negative. The clinical course was marked by immune-triggered relapses and the patient responded well to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and FcRn inhibition with efgartigimod. Further investigation identified papillary thyroid carcinoma harboring a BRAF V600E mutation, after which neurological symptoms stabilized following thyroidectomy. This case illustrates a rare concurrence of relapsing AIDP, Graves\u2019 disease, and papillary thyroid carcinoma, and supports the hypothesis that persistent systemic immune activation underlies relapsing GBS, rather than a chronic demyelinating process. Clinically, it highlights the importance of considering underlying autoimmune and neoplastic conditions in atypical or relapsing GBS to guide individualized management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1791151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T05:39:47Z","timestamp":1779082787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relapsing Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with Graves\u2019 disease and papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yushu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Accurate Diagnosis, Treatment, Research and Development, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, 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