{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T07:05:17Z","timestamp":1779433517050,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD) is a condition characterized by concurrent demyelination in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. To date, cases of CCPD presenting with isolated optic neuritis as the initial manifestation and positive for anti-neurofascin 155 (anti-NF155) antibodies are exceedingly rare. We herein report a case of a young male positive for anti-NF155 antibodies who developed severe optic neuritis and was subsequently diagnosed with CCPD via histopathological examination. This case highlights that CCPD may develop in patients presenting with optic neuritis as the initial manifestation, and underscores the critical importance of anti-NF155 antibody testing when concomitant peripheral neuropathy is identified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1793527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T06:10:24Z","timestamp":1779430224000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Case Report: Presenting as optic neuritis\u2014a biopsy-proven IgG4 anti-NF155\u2013positive combined central and peripheral demyelination syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yujing","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, 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