{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:22:23Z","timestamp":1793146943683,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Local estrogen is widely used to improve vaginal mucosal status and relieve menopausal urogenital symptoms in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP), yet clinical outcomes are inconsistent. This creates an urgent need to clarify the tissue-specific mechanisms of estrogen action.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we combined single-cell RNA sequencing and high-resolution Visium HD spatial transcriptomics to profile postmenopausal vaginal wall tissues at near-cellular resolution. Computational pharmacology analysis was also performed to predict distinct responses of this tissue niche to different estrogen subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found estrogen drives selective expansion and spatial redistribution of HAS1+ fibroblasts, which aggregate with pericytes to form a structured perivascular niche. Such spatial co-localization strengthens fibroblast-pericyte crosstalk and activates multiple pro-repair signaling cascades.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results demonstrate that estrogen functions by forming spatially organized multicellular reparative niches rather than non-selective tissue activation. This work provides a theoretical basis for developing targeted POP therapies, while further experimental verification is still needed<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1794699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T05:39:05Z","timestamp":1783057145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Single-cell and spatial multi-omics reveal estrogen-mediated vaginal wall microenvironment remodeling and a perivascular reparative niche in postmenopausal pelvic organ prolapse"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0581","article-title":"Narrative review of the epidemiology, diagnosis and pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse","volume":"46","author":"Weintraub","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Braz J Urol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.2019.62.5.307","article-title":"Surgical decision making for symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse: evidence-based approach","volume":"62","author":"Jeon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Sci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0008-4_21","article-title":"POP complications and their management","volume-title":"Minimally Invasive Therapy for Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse","author":"Chow","year":"2014"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life14040433","article-title":"How old is too old? 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