{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:46:19Z","timestamp":1782279979233,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lung transplantation remains a life-saving option for patients with end-stage lung disease, yet long-term outcomes remain limited by chronic rejection and infection. Although T cells have historically been the focus of transplant immunology, B cells are now recognized as critical regulators of immune responses through the production of antibodies, antigen presentation, and cytokine secretion. These functions contribute to both protective immunity and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), particularly in the form of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs), which drive chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). B cell dysregulation can result from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), infection, and immunosuppressive agents such as tacrolimus (TAC), with distinct effects emerging across perioperative and late post-transplant phases. Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing and B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire profiling have enabled precise characterization of B cell dynamics, offering new opportunities for stratified immune monitoring and risk prediction. This review summarizes B cell biology in lung transplantation, outlines stage-specific perturbations, and explores how multi-omics technologies may support personalized immunomodulation and prognostic assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1798139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:47:24Z","timestamp":1782276444000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["B cell-mediated immune reconstitution after lung transplantation: mechanisms, interventions, and prognostic evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yaru","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Licheng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruofan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keruo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University","place":["Tianjin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingyun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of 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