{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T14:23:00Z","timestamp":1783347780731,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease in which treat-to-target management increasingly emphasizes attainment of Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS). Complete blood count (CBC)-derived inflammatory indices are inexpensive and readily available markers, but their value for predicting subsequent LLDAS remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included 165 hospitalized patients with SLE at Peking University International Hospital between 2022 and 2024 who had baseline CBC data and completed 1-year follow-up. Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) were calculated from routine hematologic parameters. The primary outcome was LLDAS achievement at 1 year according to Asia Pacific Lupus Collaboration criteria. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Multivariable models adjusted for baseline SLEDAI-2K, age, sex, immunosuppressant use, and prednisone dose. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, bootstrap internal validation, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were also conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with non-LLDAS patients, those who achieved LLDAS had lower baseline SLEDAI-2K, lower prevalence of renal involvement, lower neutrophil counts, higher hemoglobin levels, and lower baseline NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI. In univariable analysis, higher baseline NLR (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.57-0.83,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001), PLR (OR 0.96 per 10-unit increase, 95% CI 0.93-0.99,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.008), and SII (OR 0.86 per 100-unit increase, 95% CI 0.79-0.94,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001) were associated with lower odds of LLDAS. In the adjusted model, baseline NLR remained independently associated with LLDAS attainment (aOR 0.690, 95% CI 0.561-0.848,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001). The NLR+SLEDAI-2K model achieved an AUC of 0.746, with limited optimism on bootstrap validation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline CBC-derived inflammatory indices, particularly NLR, were associated with 1-year LLDAS attainment in SLE. NLR, combined with SLEDAI-2K, may provide a practical, low-cost adjunct for early risk stratification in treat-to-target-oriented SLE management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1798433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T05:36:43Z","timestamp":1781501803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio combined with SLEDAI predicts lupus low disease activity state at 1 year: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yadan","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruohan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University","place":["Taiyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Guang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223035","article-title":"Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: a comprehensive systematic analysis and modelling study","volume":"82","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130030","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000","volume":"29","author":"Gladman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205287","article-title":"The complement system in systemic lupus erythematosus: an update","volume":"73","author":"Leffler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum 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