{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T08:25:36Z","timestamp":1793175936886,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microglial hyperactivation-driven neuroinflammation is a major driver of secondary brain injury following cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion (I\/R), yet effective therapies targeting this pathological process remain limited. Marine-derived sulfated polysaccharides have emerged as promising anti-inflammatory agents, but the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of Laminaria japonica polysaccharide (LJP) in cerebral I\/R injury are poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      LJP was isolated from Laminaria japonica and structurally characterized via high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and ion chromatography. Its neuroprotective effects were evaluated in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), with assessments of infarct volume, neurological function, and neuroinflammatory markers. Cross-species transcriptomic analysis identified potential targets, which were validated through\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      functional assays (rescue experiments with recombinant Csf3 and neutralization assays with Csf3-specific antibodies).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Structural characterization confirmed LJP is enriched in fucose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, and sulfate groups. In tMCAO mice, LJP administration reduced infarct volume, improved neurological function, and suppressed microglial pro-inflammatory polarization, accompanied by decreased levels of interleukin-1b (IL-1b), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF\u03b1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Transcriptomic analysis identified granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Csf3\/G-CSF) as a potential LJP-regulated mediator. Recombinant Csf3 partially reversed LJP\u2019s protective effects, while Csf3-specific antibodies failed to enhance LJP\u2019s anti-inflammatory benefits, suggesting Csf3 as an important contributory mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that LJP mitigates acute neuroinflammation post-I\/R at least partly through Csf3 suppression, highlighting its promise as a novel phytotherapeutic agent for ischemic stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1801746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T04:21:22Z","timestamp":1776918082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Laminaria japonica polysaccharide mitigates acute neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion 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