{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T05:44:58Z","timestamp":1776231898731,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM146890, R03NS144870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM146890, R03NS144870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Nerve Injury-Induced Protein 1 (Ninjurin-1) is an adhesion molecule implicated in inflammation and tissue injury, yet its role in neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) remains poorly defined. Here, we identify Ninjurin-1 as a marker and regulator of immune activation and CNS infiltration in relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (RR-EAE), a model of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Using flow cytometry, gene-expression profiling, and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    peptide blockade, we show that Ninjurin-1 is markedly upregulated on CNS-infiltrating myeloid cells during disease progression. Ninjurin-1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    myeloid cells display both adhesion-related and inflammatory activation features, characterized by increased antigen presentation, cytokine production, and transcriptional enrichment for genes regulating adhesion, migration, and innate immune signaling. Importantly, therapeutic blockade of Ninjurin-1 reduced clinical severity, CNS immune infiltration, and demyelination in RR-EAE. These findings uncover a previously unrecognized role for Ninjurin-1 in myeloid-driven neuroinflammation and support Ninjurin-1 as a candidate therapeutic target for relapsing-remitting MS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1803382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T04:46:23Z","timestamp":1776228383000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual role of Ninjurin-1 in myeloid cell adhesion and inflammation in relapse-remitting EAE"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Coleen","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati","place":["Cincinnati, OH, United 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States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igal","family":"Ifergan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati","place":["Cincinnati, OH, United States"]},{"name":"Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine","place":["Cincinnati, OH, United States"]},{"name":"Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati","place":["Cincinnati, OH, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","article-title":"Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the atlas of ms, third edition","volume":"26","author":"Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult 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