{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:27:00Z","timestamp":1792787220221,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), including HIV-1 and HIV-2, is a retrovirus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV primarily targets the human immune system, especially CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T lymphocytes, leading to progressive immune system dysfunction and rendering patients susceptible to severe opportunistic infections and malignancies. HIV-1 accounts for the majority of global HIV infections, and most structural, mechanistic, and therapeutic studies have been conducted in HIV-1 systems. The structural proteins Gag, Pol, and Env of HIV-1 play a pivotal role in the viral life cycle, making their functional mechanisms and inhibitor development key to advancing anti-AIDS drug research. This article provides a narrative review of recent advances in antiviral drug development targeting these proteins and discusses future design strategies. It offers critical insights for accelerating next-generation anti-HIV drug development and advancing global AIDS control efforts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1805597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:05:53Z","timestamp":1780466753000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Research progress on HIV-1 structural proteins and antiviral therapies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Huihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, 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