{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T05:56:08Z","timestamp":1776318968052,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the expression patterns of CD95 and CD160 on double-negative T (DN T) cells and their association with incomplete immune reconstitution in people living with HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this cross-sectional study, people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) with sustained viral suppression were classified as immunological non-responders (INR) or immunological responders (IR). Flow cytometry was used to characterize double-negative T (DN T) cells and their CD95\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and CD160\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      subsets. Associations between DN T-cell phenotypes and INR were evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses, with odds ratios (ORs) calculated per 10% increase in cell percentages. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess discriminatory ability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The frequency of DN T cells was significantly higher in the INR group than in the IR group (P\u00a0=\u00a00.022). The frequencies of CD95\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DN T cells and CD160\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DN T cells were increased in INR participants (P &amp;lt; 0.001 and P\u00a0=\u00a00.003, respectively) and were negatively correlated with CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell counts (CD95: r = \u22120.447, P &amp;lt; 0.001; CD160: r = \u22120.281, P\u00a0=\u00a00.008). After adjustment for age, ART duration, and baseline CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell counts, multivariable analysis showed that CD95\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DN T cells and CD160\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DN T cells were independently associated with INR. ROC analysis showed moderate discriminatory ability for CD95\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DN T cells (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.788), whereas CD160\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DN T cells demonstrated lower discriminatory performance (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.687). Adding DN T-cell phenotypic parameters to a baseline clinical model modestly improved discriminatory performance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incomplete immune reconstitution in PLWH is associated with phenotypic alterations of DN T cells characterized by increased CD95 and CD160 expression. These findings provide a phenotypic characterization of DN T-cell alterations associated with immune dysregulation in INR and may offer insights for further mechanistic investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1806055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T05:26:06Z","timestamp":1776317166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increased CD95+ or CD160+ double-negative T-cell subsets are associated with incomplete immune reconstitution in ART-treated people living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jingli","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, 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China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lianfeng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rentian","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, 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