{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T22:43:26Z","timestamp":1793573006809,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Immunol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a Gram-positive bacterium widely distributed in nature, which can cause skin and soft tissue infections, sepsis, pneumonia and other invasive diseases. In recent years, the emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains such as\n                    <jats:italic>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>MRSA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>VRSA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) have greatly increased the difficulty of clinical treatment, and there is currently no effective vaccine for the treatment of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The pathogenicity of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    depends on a complex and diverse set of virulence factor systems. Alpha hemolysin and beta hemolysin are important toxins produced by it. This article summarizes the toxic effects of \u03b1 hemolysin and \u03b2 hemolysin and better understanding the roles of \u03b1 hemolysin and \u03b2 hemolysin in the infection process of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    can provide a reference for exploring the treatment of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    with antitoxins.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1811267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T04:51:21Z","timestamp":1779425481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The toxic effects of \u03b1-hemolysin and \u03b2-hemolysin produced by Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qiuyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Center, Pu\u2019er People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Pu\u2019er, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Center, Pu\u2019er People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Pu\u2019er, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Center, Pu\u2019er People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Pu\u2019er, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengshan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tumor Center, Pu\u2019er People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Pu\u2019er, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-0243-8_2","article-title":"How does Staphylococcus aureus escape the 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